Ibigo bya Leta bikora ubucuruzi ku bihugu byinshi byo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara byatangiye kubaho mu 1960, ariko hari n’aho byabayeho mbere cyane nka Afurika y’Epfo.

Iteka rya Perezida ryerekeye amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi ya Leta ryo ku wa 28 Kanama 2024 rigena ko ishoramari rya Leta rikorwa hagamijwe kubungabunga inyungu rusange, guteza imbere serivisi z’ibanze zitangwa na Leta hagamijwe iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’abaturage; kuziba icyuho mu bikorwa by’ubukungu by’ingenzi bitarakurura ishoramari ry’abikorera; gusembura uruhare rw’abikorera mu nzego z’ingenzi z’ubukungu; n’izindi zishobora kwemezwa n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri.

Ishoramari Leta ishyira mu bigo byayo by’ubucuruzi riba mu nzego zitanga serivisi za Leta z’ingenzi kandi ziteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage; inzego z’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu zikenera igishoro kinini kidahita kibyara inyungu kandi zitagaragaramo abikorera; n’izindi zafatwa nk’iz’ingenzi byemejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri.

Raporo ya Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi izwi nka Fiscal Risk Statement ya 2025/2026 igaragaza ko hari ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya Leta bimaze igihe bikora ariko bidatanga inyungu.

Nk’urugero isuzuma ryakorewe Ikigo Gishinzwe Amazi, Isuku n’Isukura (WASAC) rigaragaza ko mu mwaka 2025 gifite amahirwe yo gucuruza kikinjiza amafaranga ariko hari n’ibyago byinshi byo kutazungura Leta.

Mu 2024 WASAC yinjije miliyari 46 Frw avuye kuri miliyari 42 Frw mu mwaka wari wabanje. Inkunga iki kigo cyahawe na Leta mu 2024 zari miliyari 9,9 Frw avuye kuri miliyari 8,6 Frw mu mwaka wari wabanje.

Raporo y’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta y’umwaka warangiye muri Kamena 2024 igaragaza ko WASAC yatunganyije amazi afite agaciro ka miliyari 9,7 Frw ariko ataragurishijwe ahubwo yamenetse gusa.

Isuzuma kandi ryakorewe ku Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu (REG) ryagaragaje amahirwe yo kunguka ari make, nubwo mu 2024 Leta yahaye iki kigo 25% by’amafaranga yose cyakoresheje mu gihe mu 2024 inyungu yakomeje kubura bitewe n’ishoramari rikorwa mu bikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ikiguzi cyayo kikiri gito.

Iyi raporo itanga inama yo gusubiramo amwe mu masezerano yo kugura umuriro w’amashanyarazi n’ibigo biwutunganya aho bishoboka kugira ngo ahenduke, no kureba uko inguzanyo zimwe zavugururwa.

Mu bindi bigo harimo Afriprecast gikora ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, binafasha guhangana n’ikibazo cy’inzu ziciriritse zikenewe ku bwinshi. Iki kigo cyatangijwe mu 2017, Minecofin ikagaragaza ko mu myaka myinshi nta nyungu cyigeze cyinjiza zivuye mu bikorwa gikora.

Iyi raporo iti “AfriPrecast yishingikiriza kuri Guverinoma kugira ngo ishobore kwishyura imyenda yayo.”

Hari kandi Muhabura Multichoise Company yatangijwe n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Igorora (RCS) ikora ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, gukora amasabune n’ibindi bikenerwa mu kwita ku buzima bw’imfungwa n’abagororwa.

Iki kigo nubwo kigenda kizahuka mu bukungu ariko kuba cyakira amafaranga make bituma kiguma mu byago byo kutabasha kwishyura ay’ibikorwa gikora buri munsi no kwishyura inguzanyo cyafashe z’nguzanyo nshya kigifata.

Iyi raporo kandi igaragaza ko Ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal (KFH) bigaragaza ibyago byinshi byo kudatanga inyungu kubera ibiciro bya serivisi bitanga byagumye ku rugero rumwe nyamara amafaranga asabwa kugira ngo bishobore gutanga serivisi yo yiyongera umunsi ku wundi.

Ikindi gikoma ibi bitaro mu nkokora ni ibigo by’ubwishingizi bitinda kwishyura n’amwe mu mafaranga ya Leta atagerayo ku gihe bigateza ihungabana mu bukungu.

Iti “Hatitabajwe ubundi buryo, icyuho hagati y’ibyinjira n’ibisohoka kizakomeza guhungabanya ubukungu bw’ibitaro.”

Mu bigo bya Leta bikora ubucuruzi, RwandAir iri mu bigaragaza icyizere cyinshi cyo kwigobotora ibyago by’ibihombo kuko ibyo yinjije byazamutseho 17%. Mu 2023, RwandAir yinjije miliyari 465,2 Frw na ho mu 2024 yinjiza miliyari 545,8 Frw.

Kuki iri shoramari rihomba

Umusesenguzi mu by’ubukungu, Straton Habyarimana, yabwiye IGIHE ko ibigo bya Leta bikora ubucuruzi ahanini bitagamije inyungu y’ako kanya kuko akenshi usanga ishoramari ryabyo riba mu bikorwa bihenze cyane ariko bitunguka vuba.

Habyarimana yashimangiye ko Leta idakwiye kwinjira mu ishoramari yonyine kuko abayobozi iha ibigo byayo baba atari abacuruzi ahubwo bitwara nk’abayobozi gusa.

Ati “Iyo Leta ifashe uruhare rwo kubaka ibikorwa remezo n’imiyoborere y’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi ni bwo usanga bitagenda neza kuko ubicunga aba azi ko ari umukozi wa Leta, ntabwo abicunga nk’uko yabicunga ari ibye. Uwo Leta wese ishyizeho yumva ko ahagarariye Leta mu gihe wawundi we aba yumva ari kwikorera ku giti cye, ni umuyobozi ucunga cya kintu nubwo yaba yashyizeho umukozi amukurikiranira hafi ngo arebe uko akora umunsi ku wundi. Ni aho akenshi bikunze gupfira.”

Habyarimana asanga Leta ishyizeho uburyo bwo korohereza abashoramari kubona uko babyaza umusaruro amahirwe ishoramo imari byarushaho kuba byiza aho gusanga ari yo yayashoyemo imari.

Ati “Leta ikwiye gushyiraho ibituma abikorera babona ayo mahirwe iri kubona bo batabona, ikabafasha no kubona uburyo bayabyaza umusaruro badahombye, cyane cyane ibisaba amafaranga menshi ikabafasha kubona ayo mafaranga kuko hari igihe usanga nk’umushinga urenze ubushobozi bw’amabanki ari aha, Leta ikabashakira uko babona ayo mafaranga n’iyo haba ari hanze y’igihugu.”

Habyarimana avuga ko Leta ikwiye gushyira imbaraga mu gukora imishinga ifatanya n’abikorera ( Public Private Partnership) kuko aho Leta ikora ishoramari ryo kubaka, ibijyanye n’imiyoborere y’ibigo bigakorwa n’uwikorera.

Ati “Akenshi abicunga nk’umuntu ku giti cye kandi akabicunga kinyamwuga nk’umucuruzi, usanga ibyo bintu byunguka.”

Muri Kamena 2020, Obadiah Biraro wari Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta yabwiye IGIHE ko iyo umuntu avuze ikigo cy’ubucuruzi, ikintu cya mbere kigomba kumvikana, aba ari inyungu, bityo ko hakwiye no kurebwa ku bigomba kuba iyo inyungu itabonetse.

Ati “Kuki bitabona inyungu? Ese birashoboka? [...] Iyo inyungu itabonetse bigenda bite? Hari amategeko, hari ikiba cyabiteye, hari ibyo tugomba kuzirikana ku buryo ikintu cyose dukora duhagarara kuri rya hame rya mbere. Iyo bitabonetse bigenda bite?.”

Itegeko rijyanye n’imicungire y’ibigo bya leta bikora ubucuruzi, riha Perezida wa Repubulika ububasha busesuye bwo kuba yabikuraho cyangwa se yabihindurira inshingano.

Kuba iteka rishyiraho ikigo cya leta cyangwa se rigikuraho rigomba kuba ari irya Perezida, bisobanurwa nk’ibigamije kwihutisha “ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike n’ingamba bya Leta naho sosiyete y’ubucuruzi igengwa na Leta igashyirwaho hakurikijwe amategeko agenga amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi”.

WASAC iri mu bigo bikora ubucuruzi ariko bitabyarira Leta inyungu