Mu 2023 ni bwo Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) yatangiye inyigo yo kureba uburyo mu Rwanda hatangira gukoreshwa ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga ariko rigenzurwa na BNR.

Inyigo y’ibanze yari igamije kureba icyo iri faranga ryamarira Abanyarwanda, uko ryakoreshwa bigendanye n’ubundi buryo busanzwe mu Rwanda nk’amabanki, mobile money ndetse ni ba ari ngombwa kurikoresha.

Yarangiye bigaragaye ko ari ngombwa gukoresha iri faranga, kuko hari byinshi ryakemura. Ubushakashatsi bwamuritswe mu 2024 bugaragaza ko binashobotse mu 2026 ryatangira gukoreshwa.

Ku wa 01 Kanama 2025 ni bwo Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) yatangaje ko umushinga wo gutangira gukoresha ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga wageze mu kindi cyiciro cyo kurigerageza ku kigero gito no kwakira ibitekerezo by’abari mu rwego rw’imari, bijyanye n’uko iri faranga rikwiriye gukoreshwa.

Riri gukorerwa ku bo mu bigo by’imari, iby’itumanaho no kub’imbere muri BNR.

CBDC ni ifaranga ry’ikoranabuhanga ritangwa na banki nkuru z’ibihugu, rigakora kimwe nk’amafaranga asanzwe afatika nk’inoti n’ibiceri, icyakora ryo rikaba rifite udushya dutandukanye nko kuba ryakora ahatari internet n’ibindi.

Ni uburyo buri kwigwaho n’ibihugu birenga 130 ndetse ibihugu nka Bahamas, Jamaica na Nigeria byamaze kuryemeza. Ibindi birimo n’u Rwanda bigeze ku byiciro bitandukanye byo kurigerageza.

Bigitangazwa ko iri faranga riri kwigwaho mu Rwanda, benshi bahise barigereranya n’amwe azwi nka ‘cryptocurrency’ nka Bitcoin, Ethereum n’andi.

Icyakora si byo kuko CBDC izaba igenzurwa na BNR bitandukanye na ‘cryptocurrency’ kuko yo itagenzurwa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, ikindi agaciro k’amafaranga nka Bitcoin kagenda gahindagurika uko kiboneye, mu gihe aka CBDC ko kazajya kagenzurwa na BNR nk’uko bigenda ku mafaranga asanzwe.

Mu kiganiro na RBA, umwe mu bakozi ba BNR, Serge Mugiraneza yagize ati “Ni ifaranga ryuzuzanya n’iryari risanzwe kugira ngo rikemure ibibazo bimwe na bimwe twari dufite ariko mu murongo wa politiki y’ubukungu bw’igihugu ishingiye ku ikoranabunga rifasha mu kudahererekanya amafaranga.”

Umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry'imari n'udushya muri BNR, Cyuzuzo Ingrid yasobanuye ko BNR igeze kure igerageza ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga

Umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry’imari n’udushya muri BNR, Cyuzuzo Ingrid, yavuze ko uretse kuba harebwa ku bijyanye n’uko bishoboka, hari kurebwa n’amategeko arigenga n’uburyo bwo kwishyurana hisunzwe ikoranabuhanga.

Ati “Abantu benshi bibaza impamvu iryo faranga ry’ikoranabuhanga rije kandi dusanzwe dufite uburyo bwo kwishyurana hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Ntabwo CBDC ije kubikuraho ahubwo ni ukubyuzuza no kongeraho ibyo tutari dufite nko kwishyurana nta internet. Nk’uko twishyuranaga inoti ku noti nta internet twakeneye na CBDC na yo ifite ibyo byiza.”

Mu byo bari gukoraho kandi Cyuzuzo yavuze ko harimo no kureba ku izina iri faranga-koranabuhanga ry’u Rwanda rizitwa.

Yavuze ko mu igeragezwa hari kugenderwa kuri ‘E-Frw’ ariko mbere y’uko igeragezwa rirangira bateganya kuzasaba ibitekerezo hakemeranywa ku izina ryiza rizakoreshwa.

Yagenewe uburyo bune bwo kwishyurana

CBDC yagenewe uburyo bwo kwishyurana butandukanye, burimo ubuzwi nka ‘mobile banking’ bwo kwishyurana hifashishijwe telefone zigezweho.

Ni uburyo abafite telefone zigezweho bazaba bafite ‘application’ bashobora gukoresha bahererekanya amafaranga.

Bwiyongera ku bundi buzwi USSD bimwe bisanzwe bizwi nko gukanda akanyenyeri ku badakoresha telefone zigezweho, n’uburyo bw’ikarita.

Mugiraneza ati “Hazabaho n’uburyo bw’ikarita. Nka cya gihe twagize ibiza iminara yangiritse nta huzanzira dufite [...] umuntu nta ngaruka bizamugiraho, azaba ashobora kwishyura nta huzanzira cyangwa internet ihari.”

Mugiraneza yatanze urugero, agaragaza ko nk’iyo mu Rwanda habaye ibiza, ubuyobozi bukagerageza gufasha abagizweho ingaruka, iyo nkunga inyura mu bantu benshi rimwe na rimwe abagenerwabikorwa bakaba batagerwaho nk’uko bikwiriye.

Yavuze ko mu byo CBDC izafasha ni ukugeza inkunga ku bayigenewe bidatinze cyane, bikazanafashwa ku bataragerwaho na serivisi z’imari na bo bafashwa uko bikwiriye.

Kugeza ubu abikorera na bo bahawe rugari. Ubu bashobora kubakira ku byo BNR yakoze na bo bagashyiraho udushya twabo ndetse ubu byaratangiye, ufite igitekerezo agitanga uko yifuza kikaganirwaho.

Mu mafaranga asanzwe hari ubwo umuntu aba ashaka gushyira Amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu madovize, wenda ashaka nko gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa ashaka kubyoherezayo akaba yakenera gukoresha Amadolari cyangwa andi akoreshwa mu bindi bihugu.

No mu igerageza BNR iri gukora hari no kurebwa ku buryo bwo kwishyurana bwambukiranya imipaka, ndetse hagaragaye ko bifite inyungu nyinshi kurusha uburyo bwari busanzwe.

Ku rundi ruhande bijyanye n’uko ibindi bihugu na byo bigeze ku byiciro bitandukanye kuri iri faranga-koranabuhanga, nubwo ubwo buryo bwateguwe nta bwari bwemeranywaho ku Isi cyangwa mu Karere, ko wenda ari bwo buzajya bukoreshwa.

Cyuzuzo yavuze ko ubu bameze gukora igerageza hagati y’umuturage uri mu Rwanda n’uri muri Ghana, ndetse no ku buryo bwo kwishyurana hifashishijwe telefone zigezweho n’uburyo nyambukiranyamipaka na bwo bwarageragejwe.

Ati “Icyiza cya CBDC mushyiraho ubwumvikane bushya bw’uburyo mwumvikana bw’uburyo muvunjisha. Ni n’inyungu ikomeye ku Mugabane no mu Karere kugira ngo tubashe kongera kuvugurura uburyo dusanzwe twishyurana.”

Cyuzuzo yemeje ko nubwo mu buryo bwa tekiniki biri gukora, icyakora hatarajyaho ubwumvikane bwo kwishyura, kuvunjisha ariko ngo bizarebwaho ikindi gihe bijyanye n’aho ibindi bihugu bizaba bigeze.

CDC izinjizwa mu mikorere y’Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, niba umuntu afite amafaranga kuri konti, ashobora gusaba ikigo bakorana ko ashaka amafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga, bakayamuha.

Ushobora kandi no guhitamo ko bayaguha mu Madolari nk’uko bikorwa ku mafaranga asanzwe.

Ushobora kugira konti zitandukanye, niba uyifite kuri Mobile Money cyangwa kuri bankiri runaka ushobora no kugira indi ijyaho amafaranga ya CBDC.

Ushobora kuvana amafaranga asanzwe kuri konti yawe, ukayashyira ku ya CBDC ubundi ukayahererekanya uko ubishaka.

Cyuzuzo ati “Izo konti ziranakorana. Ushobora kuba wavana amafaranga kuri konti ya CBDC ukaba wayashyira ku ya Mobile Money cyangwa ku ya konti isanzwe.”

Cyuzuzo yavuze ko CBDC izajya igera ku baturage nk’uko amafaranga asanzwe abageraho hisunzwe ibigo by’imari, icyakora atangaza ko ryo rifite agashya k’uko n’udafite konti mu kigo cy’imari akoresha ikoranabuhanga ryashyizwemo mu kwishyurana.

BNR igeze kure umushinga wo gutangiza ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga

Umutekano warakajijwe

Mu biri kwitabwaho kugira ngo mu Ukwakira 2025 hazabe hagaragajwe ibyavuye mu igeragezwa, harimo n’umutekano w’iryo faranga na cyane ko ubujura mu by’ikoranabuhanga bwiyongera uko Isi itera imbere

Ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’aya mafaranga by’umwihariko abafite impungenge ku bihombo ashobora guteza, Mugiraneza yavuze ko mu byo bari kwibandaho cyane ari umutekano waryo.

Ati “Nubwo harimo inyungu nyinshi, haramutse hajemo ikibazo cy’umutekano agaciro karyo kaba gatakaye. Hari uburyo bwinshi bw’ubwirinzi bwashyizweho, amakuru bwite y’abantu akarindwa ariko n’ifaranga rikarindwa.”

Bumwe muri ubwo buryo harimo nko kuganira mu buryo buzimije mu kwirinda ko hari abajura n’abandi bashobora kwivanga.

Mugiraneza yavuze ko umutekano wakajijwe ku buryo, hirya ya email n’ijambo banga bishobora kwibwa hashyizweho ubundi buryo burengera umuturage, ariko n’abaturage bakumvishwa kutarangara.

Ni mu gihe ku bafite impungenge ko iri faranga rishobora kuzakuraho uburyo busanzwe nka ‘Mobile Money’ no kubangamira ubundi bucuruzi, na byo byarebweho.

Cyuzuzo yavuze iyo batekereza ikoranabuhanga rishya, baba batagomba kubangamira ibisanzweho, ko mu igerageza bafatanyije n’ibigo bitanga izo serivisi zo guhererekanya amafaranga ku buryo ibintu biri kugenda neza.

Ati “Babonyemo uburyo bushya butuma banoza serivisi batanga ndetse zigatangwa ku kiguzi gito cya serivisi z’imari. Uretse kuba muri BNR twarabyitayeho ariko n’iyo tuganiriye n’abo mu bigo by’imari bagaragaza ko hari uburyo CBDC izoroshya serivisi batanga.”

Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwa mbere bwakozwe bwagenaga ko ifaranga koranabuhanga ry’u Rwanda ryashyirwa hanze mu 2026, ariko inyigo zikomeje ni zo zizagena ibizashyirwamo n’igihe ntarengwa rizatangiririra.

Uretse CBDC, BNR yatangiye umushinga munini wo kugenzura n’andi mafaranga koranabuhanga binyuze mu gushyiraho amategeko arinda abakoresha andi mafaranga azwi nka ‘Cryptocurrency’.

Cyuzuzo ati “Ni igihe gito itegeko rikagaragara hakarebwa uburyo bwahyiriweho abaturage n’abandi.”

BNR yatangaje ko igerageza ry’iryo faranga ryatangiye ndetse biteganyijwe ko hazatangazwa ibyarivuyemo bitarenze mu Ukwakira 2025.

Inkuru bijyanye: Imaramatsiko ku ifaranga-koranabuhanga BNR iteganya gutangiza