Inzobere mu mitunganyirize y’umujyi n’ubukerarugendo Luc-Normand Tellier, yagaragaje ko Kigali, umujyi uri hagati muri Afurika, umaze gutera imbere ku buryo bufatika ndetse ukaba urangwamo amahoro, hakaba hari bimwe mu bikorwa remezo ukeneye ngo ube ihuriro ry’amahanga.
Iyi nzobere inigisha muri Kaminuza ya Québec i Montréal muri Canada yagaragaje ko Kigali yaba ihuriro ry’amahanga kuko kuva ku Nyanja nini y’Abahinde kugera ku ya Atlantika ari yo nzira ya hafi kandi mu mujyi urimo amahoro n’umutekano bisesuye.
Amateka ya Kigali itarageramo imihanda n’imodoka
Tellier yagaragaje amateka ya Kigali itarageramo imihanda n’ibinyabiziga, anagaragaza ibyakwitabwaho ngo ikomeze gutera imbere.
Kigali guhera mu 1907
Uyu mujyi washinzwe na Richard Kandt mu 1907 wari Rezida wa Rwanda-Urundi, igice cyari kigizwe n’ibihugu ubu by’u Rwanda n’u Burundi.
Kuki Umudage Kandt yahisemo Kigali?
Prof Luc avuga ko Kandt yahisemo kugira Kigali Umurwa Mukuru w’u Rwanda kubera ko yari hagati mu Rwanda. Ikindi ni uko ari hafi y’aho umugezi wa Nyabarongo wacaga uvuye mu Kiyaga cya Muhazi ukagera no mu Majyaruguru.
Uyu mujyi kandi ngo ntiwari kure y’aho uruzi rw’Akanyaru rukomeza mu Majyepfo rukaba Akagera rugakomeza mu Kiyaga cya Victoria no mu ruzi rwa Nili.
Kigali yaterwaga ubuhehere n’utugezi twa Cyahafi na Ruganwa ikomoka ku masoko yo mu misozi ya Kigali igakomeza mu Majyaruguru y’Iburengerazuba bwa Nyabugogo.
Mu gihe kandi cya Richard Kandt, nta wari kuvuga ko Kigali yari kure cyane cyangwa hafi y’uturere twa Nyanza na Shyogwe, ahari inkiko z’i Bwami.
Kigali yari iteye ite?
Mu mafoto yafashwe mu mwaka wa 1918, uyu mujyi wagaragaragamo ibiti bike cyane. Mu gihe nta nturusu cyangwa ibiti bya gereveriya byawurangwagamo.
Muri icyo gihe nta nyubako za kera mu Rwanda (traditional “rugo”) zahabaga nta n’inka z’amahembe maremare zari zihari nyamara zari zimenyerewe mu karere.
Abahigi bari bake bagahiga intare, amasatura, impala, inzovu n’inzobe.
Muri icyo gihe nta mihanda, nta binyabiziga washoboraga kubona muri Kigali, kuko ikinyabiziga cya mbere cyahakandagiye mu 1925.
Umuhanda wa mbere wahanzwe mu mwaka wa 1929 nawo wari uw’ibitaka.
Imihanda yubatse muri sima yahubatswe hagati y’imyaka 1950-1960, kandi nayo yari uduhanda duto dukozwe na sima y’igiheri (paved street).
Umuhanda munini (nawo wubatswe na sima y’igiheri) wahubatswe mu 1972.
Prof Luc, mbere y’uyu mwaka yari mu Rwanda aho yahageze nta mihanda irahahangwa ahubwo ngo hakoreshwaga utuyira duto.
Uyu mujyi umaze imyaka isaga 100 ushinzwe, muri icyo gihe wari utuwe n’abaturage basaga ibihumbi bitandatu, bangana n’abashobora kwinjira muri Stade Regional ya Nyamirambo bakicara neza. Mu 1972 basagaga ibihumbi 60, ubu barenga miliyoni.
Kigali ugereranyije n’indi mijyi
Luc akomeza avuga ko abantu bitabira gutura muri uyu mujyi (urbanization rate) ngo biri ku kigero cyo hasi ugereranyije na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bangana na 35%.
Nyamara ngo Kigali yikubiye 75% by’abantu batuye mu yindi mijyi mu Rwanda.
Ni gute uyu mujyi wakwitabwaho?
Prof Luc yabwiye IGIHE ko kwita kuri uyu mujyi bisaba ko amateka ya kera akomerwaho akitabwaho, bumwe muri ubu buryo ni uko ngo inyubako za kera zirimo iza Richard Kandt zitabwaho, hafi yaho hakubakwa pariki n’inzu za kera zirimo Kiliziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu n’iza Seminari yitiriwe Mutagatifu Paul zikaguma kwitabwaho.
Kigali, umujyi w‘igitangaza imbere y’amahanga
Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu gifite ururimi rumwe gihuriyeho rw’Ikinyarwanda na leta imwe nk’uko byari bimeze kuva na kera.
Ibihe byaho ngo ni byiza, ituye hafi y’uruhererekane rw’imihanda yo mu Rwanda yose usanga iyihuriramo. Uyu mujyi kandi ngo ni ihuriro ry’abanyamahanga batandukanye usanga ari benshi.
Luc yavuze ko uyu mujyi kuri ubu witaweho mu bijyanye no kurindwa ibyaha (crime), umutekano no gutura utuje, hakurikijwe igishushanyo-mbonera, inzu zigezweho (cadastres), kubahiriza isuku (cleanliness), umutekano mu muhanda no kunoza gutwara abantu.
Muri uyu mujyi ngo havugwamo indimi nyinshi , harimo abavuga Icyongereza bakomoka mu gihe cy’Iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, Igifaransa mu bakomoka Iburengerazuba n’Amajyepfo harimo Congo-Kinshasa n’u Burundi no hagati ahavugwa Ikinyarwanda n’Ikirundi.
Uyu mujyi kandi wabaye ahabarizwa za Kaminuza dore ko n’icyicaro gikuru cy’iy’u Rwanda ari ho gisigaye kiri, umujyi w’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubukungu.
Luc avuga ko kugirango uyu mujyi ukomeze kwivana mu bibazo byo kudakora ku Nyanja hari ibyagombye gukorwa. Muri byo harimo gukomeza kwita no kunoza amajyambere yawo, kuhubaka inzu ziciriritse z’abafite amikoro make n’iz’abakene, gushishikariza Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga gushora imari yabo mu bikorwa bigamije kuzamura uyu mujyi, kuwuhuza n’ibice by’icyaro biwufasha kuzamura ubukungu bwawo, gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rishya, guhanga ibitariho, itumanaho n’ibindi, gukomeza kwita ku bwamamare bwawo mu kuvugwa neza.
Kigali ikeneye imihanda ya gari ya moshi: Uhuza Bujumbura, Kigali na Kampala; uhuza uyihuza na Tabora uyinyuramo ugakomeza Goma na Ubundu.
Hakenewe kandi gukomeza ibikorwa biyihuza n’Amajyepfo yayo arimo Ikibuga cy’Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, gukomeza kuyihuza n’imijyi itandukanye y’isi hifashishijwe ingendo z’indege.
Luc-Normand Tellier yavuze ko hari inzira zitandukanye zagombye gukoreshwa zirimo ica muri Afurika y’Epfo, inyura muri Angola, RD Congo, Zambia, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania na Kenya.
Asanga kandi hari indi nzira yagombye gukoreshwa ica mu mijyi yo muri Afurika yo hagati igizwe na Luanda, Kinshasa, Bujumbura, Kigali, Kampala, Nairobi, na Dar es Salaam).
Kigali mu karere
Tellier yagaragaje ko inzira iva Matadi-Bujumbura-Mombasa ari kilometero ibihumbi bine kuva ku Nyanja ya Atlantika kugera ku y’Abahinde. Yerekana ko kuhagera byaba byiza guca i Kigali kuko yabigiramo inyungu kandi ikaba inzira ngufi n’amahanga ngo akabyungukiramo kuko yaba ari inzira ihendutse.
Dore uko abyerekana:
Umuhanda wa mbere waba kuva ku cyambu cya Mombasa -Nairobi-Kampala-Kigali-Bujumbura-Ilebo-Kinshasa kugera ku cyambu cya Matadi aho hakwifashishwa gari ya Moshi yahita igera ku muhanda usanzweho ku cyambu cya Matadi.
Indi nzira ni iva ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam-Dodoma-Tabora-Isaka-Kigali-Goma-Ubundu- igera ku muhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Kisangani.
Umuhanda uzava Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala-Kigali-Bujumbura yagaragaje ko urimo kubakwa n’Abashinwa.
Kuba Kigali idakora ku Nyanja ngo ni kimwe mu mbogamizi zituma idatera imbere ku rwego yari kugeraho iyo iba ikora ku nyanja. Nyamara uyu mujyi ngo ni mpuzamahanga muri Afurika ku buryo hifashishijwe inzira zo mu kirere, imihanda y’ibinyabiziga n’iya gari ya moshi yagirira akamaro Isi, kandi ikagerwamo n’abaturutse impande zose z’Isi.
Umuyobozi wa Kaminuza Polytechnique de Byumba (IPB), Padiri Prof Dr Nyumbayire Faustin yavuze ko bafatanyije na Prof Luc bagamije kwerekana uburyo Kigali ishobora no guhinduka ihuriro ry’ imijyi muri Afurika yo hagati yose, kuva ku Nyanja y’abahinde kugera kuri Atlantika.
Kimwe na Luc, Padiri Nyumbayire yavuze ko ibyo byiza byinshi bigera muri Kigali bitagombye kubuza abayituye gukomera ku muco n’ururimi by’Ikinyarwanda n’amateka ya kera.
“Ntabwo gukomera ku mwimerere wacu ari ugutsimbarara, si ukuvuga ngo tugume aho twari turi ahubwo ikiba kigamijwe ni uko bya bimenyetso bigumaho ushaka kubibona agire aho abisanga ku babyiruka n’abanyamahanga tubereke uko byari bimeze n’aho tugeze ubu.
Luc-Normand yabaye mu Rwanda mu myaka ya 1960 yigisha muri Koleji yitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya i Kigali no muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda nk’umukorerabushake, akaba yaragaragaje aya mateka mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize ku bufatanye bwa Kaminuza Gaturika ya Byumba (IPB) na Family TV.
Luc ni umwarimu mu ishami rishinzwe amasomo y’imitunganyirize y’umujyi n’ubukerarugendo mu Ishuri rya Siyansi n’Icungamutungo muri Kaminuza ya Québec iri mu Mujyi wa Montréal.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO