Umwanzuro wo gushyiraho aka karere kiswe ‘Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) wafashwe n’inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu muri Kamena 2015, ukaba umaze igihe uganirwaho byimbitse na ba minisitiri bashinzwe ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigize AU.

Biteganyijwe ko ku wa 21 Werurwe 2018, i Kigali mu Rwanda hazaba inama idasanzwe y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu bya Afurika, bagasinya amasezerano ndetse bakanatangiza aka karere, kitezweho gukuba kabiri ubucuruzi hagati y’abanyafurika bwari ku kigero cya 12% mu 2012 bukagera kuri 25% mu 2022.

Iyi gahunda izahuriza hamwe ibihugu 55 bya Afurika bigizwe n’abaturage miliyari imwe na miliyoni 200, n’umusaruro mbumbe wa miliyari ibihumbi 2.19 z’amadolari ya Amerika.

AU isobanura ko amasezerano ya CFTA ari imwe muri gahunda z’ukwihuza kwa Afurika nkuko biteganywa mu cyerekezo cyayo 2063, akaba abumbatiye ku kugira ijwi rimwe nk’umugabane, kuzamura ubucuruzi bukorwa hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika buri kuri 16%, igipimo kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije na 60% bikorana n’u Burayi na 50% bikorana Aziya.

Izatuma kandi Afurika ijyana n’impinduka mu bucuruzi zikomeje kuba hirya no hino ku Isi, aha twavuga politiki ya Trump n’ukwikura mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi k’u Bwongereza, kunoza imikoranire mu bucuruzi n’indi migabane no kongera amahirwe y’ishoramari n’ubucuruzi ku mugabane.

Afurika ni umugabane wa Kabiri mu bunini ku Isi ukaba n’uwa kabiri mu ifite abaturage benshi, mu 2050 bazaba babarirwa muri miliyari ebyiri. Abagera kuri 70% byabo bari munsi y’imyaka 30 kandi abarenze kimwe cya kabiri ni abagore.

Amasezerano ashyiraho akarere k’ubucuruzi muri Afurika azatuma ibyaza umusaruro amahirwe menshi ifite, yaba abaturage, umutungo kamere wayo dore ko ifite 30% by’amabuye y’agaciro abarizwa ku Isi yose, ikaba ifite Zahabu ingana na 40%, Cobalt irenga 60% na Platinum ingana na 90%.

Amahirwe ni menshi

Afurika kandi ni wo mugabane ukennye ukaba ufite uruhare rwa 2.4% mu musaruro mbumbe w’Isi na 4% by’ubucuruzi bukorwa ku Isi. Uyu mugabane kandi ufite 60% by’ubutaka budahingwa.

AU isobanura ko amwe mu mahirwe yitezwe mu karere k’ubucuruzi arimo; ukwihaza mu biribwa, iterambere ry’inganda, guhanga udushya, ubwiyongere bw’ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa, guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga, guhanga imirimo, kwaguka kw’isoko, iterambere rikomoka ku bwinshi bw’abaturage, gukuraho imbogamizi zidashingiye ku misoro (NTBs), koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abaturage n’ibindi.

Iyi gahunda yo kwihuza izongera 0.97% bya GDP ku bukungu, ni ukuvuga miliyari 16 z’amadolari n’imirimo ku gipimo cya 1.17%.

Hari ukongera uguhatana ku isoko kw’inganda n’abacuruzi binyuze mu kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe y’ubukungu ahari, kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ubucuruzi, kugera ku isoko ry’umugabane n’Isi muri rusange, gukoresha neza umutungo uhari no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by’ubucuruzi.

Binyuze mu kubyaza umusaruro umutungo kamere wa Afurika, inganda zitezweho gutera imbere nkuko biri mu cyerekezo 2063.

Mu ijambo rifungura inama iheruka ya AU, Perezida Kagame, yavuze ko aya masezerano ashimangira ugushyira hamwe no gushaka kugera ku iterambere ntawe usigaye.

Yagize ati “Tugomba gushyiraho isoko rusange ry’ubucuruzi muri Afurika, guhuza ibikorwa remezo byacu, kandi ikoranabuhanga rikaba inkingi y’ubukungu bwacu. Nta gihugu cyangwa akarere gishobora kubaho cyonyine. Tugomba gukorera hamwe.”

Yakomeje avuga ko aya masezerano amaze imyaka hafi 40 yigwaho, ari intambwe ikomeye mu guhahirana hagati y’Abanyafurika no mu kubaka ubumwe bwayo.

Yagize ati “Aya masezerano ashyiraho akarere k’ubucuruzi kamwe ku mugabane wa Afurika, afite igice kivuga ku bucuruzi na serivisi. Uku kwibohora dutegereje mu myaka iri imbere kuvuze guha amahirwe ibigo byo muri Afurika yo guhangana no gukorana nta mupaka mu kubaka umugabane ushyize hamwe.”

Ibihugu bifite umukoro

AU ivuga ko uretse gushyiraho isoko rusange, ibihugu bisabwa kongera ingano y’ibyo bikora kuko igihugu kidashobora gukora neza ubucuruzi kidafite ibicuruzwa gikora cyangwa ibyo cyongerera agaciro.

Hakenewe kandi guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by’ubucuruzi na serivisi, gukuraho imbogamizi zitari imisoro no koroshya imisoro n’urujya n’uruza mu mihora itandukanye.

Ibihugu kandi bigomba koroshya ibijyanye no gutangiza ubucuruzi, gufasha abacuruzi bato n’ibihugu bitaratera imbere kongera ibyo bikora n’ubushobozi bwabyo mu bucuruzi.

AU isobanura ko amasezerano ya CFTA ari imwe muri gahunda z’ukwihuza kwa Afurika nkuko biteganywa mu cyerekezo cyayo 2063