Ku bikorwa byose bijyanye n’amafaranga ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kwifashishwa, aho imibare ya BNR igaragaza ko ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kwishyura, POS, bikomeje kwiyongera kuko byavuye kuri 227 (mu 2011) bikagera ku 2,104 (mu 2017). Aha Banki ya Kigali nka banki ya mbere mu Rwanda yari yihariyemo 1,250.

Ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mu kwishyurana mu Rwanda harimo ATM, aho muri 406 zabarurwaga mu 2017, BK yari ifitemo 91. Muri uwo mwaka kandi mu gihugu hose habarurwaga debit cards 913,047 na credit cards 3,679.

Ubwo bwose ni uburyo butuma amafaranga ava ku muntu umwe akagera ku wundi. Tugiye kwibanda ariko ku buryo bwo kwishyurana abantu bifashishije sheki.

Ni uburyo bwatangiye gukoreshwa mu kinyejana cya 17 hagamijwe kugabanya ingano y’amafanga agendanwa mu ntoki, buza kwamamara cyane mu kinyejana cya 20, aho umuntu agusinyira ku rwandiko yahawe na banki, ukarujyana ku ishami ryayo ikakwihera ya mafaranga, bitandukanye n’irindi koranabuhanga aho umuntu ushaka kuguha amagaranga abyikorera aho ari hose.

Abahanga bagaragaza ko uburyo bushya bwazanywe na banki harimo nko kwifashisha internet (online banking) cyangwa telefoni (mobile banking) n’amakarita atandukanye, byoroshya ibikorwa birebana n’amafaranga kurusha sheki, ariko hari abakizikomeyeho.

Ukoresheje telefoni ushobora kugera kuri serivisi zitabarika za banki

Imibare ya BNR igaragaza ko ibikorwa byo kwishyurana hifashishije telefoni, byavuye ku bafatabuguzi 231,000 bahererekanyije miliyari 8.3 Frw urebye muri Mutarama- Ukuboza 2010, bagera ku bafatabuguzi 9,079,983 bahererekanyije miliyari 1384,6 Frw. Bifite icyo bivuze cyane kuko aho ikoranabuhanga rigeze, umuntu ashobora gukoresha konti ye uko abishatse, yifashishije telefoni ye.

Nka Banki ya Kigali yashyizeho ‘MobiServe’, aho umuntu ufite telefone igendanwa iyo ariyo yose akanda *334#, ubundi akabona serivisi zirimo kureba amafaranga ari kuri konti, kwishyura ibicuruzwa nk’amashanyarazi, kugura ikarita ya telefoni ku mirongo yose, kwishyura ifatabuguzi rya televiziyo, serivisi z’Irembo n’ibindi.

Ibyo ariko bitandukanye no kuri sheki kuko imibare y’abazikoresha mu Rwanda yagabanyutse, aho BNR igaragaza ko mu 2011 hishyuwe sheki ibihumbi 296,9 zari zifite agaciro ka miliyari 750,2 Frw n’amadolari ya Amerika 21,711 mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2016 hishyuwe sheki ibihumbi 284,7 zifite agaciro ka miliyari 708,9 Frw, miliyoni $9,3 na € 20,496.

Raporo mpuzamahanga yakozwe n’ibigo Capgemini na BNP Paribas ku kwishyura no guhererekanya amafaranga mu 2016, igaragaza ko gukoresha sheki byagabanutse ku kigero cya 10,8% mu 2014.

Iryo gabanuka kandi ngo si ikintu gishya kuko ryatangiye kwigaragaza mu myaka 13 ishize ndetse ibihugu bimwe birimo Australia biri mu nzira zo guhagarika gukoresha sheki, bikimakaza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Nubwo ibigo cyangwa abantu bigitsimbaraye ku gukoresha sheki, inyigo AFP yakoreye muri Amerika mu 2017 yerekanye ko gutanga sheki aribwo buryo bunifashishwa cyane kwishyurana bidakurikije amategeko, aho ibigo 75% byahuye n’icyo kibazo muri uwo mwaka mu gihe mu 2015 byari 71%.

Inyigo iheruka igaragaza ko sheki biba byoroshye kuyikoreshaho ibinyoma cyane cyane nk’igihe itanzwe hatasuzumwe ko amakuru yanditseho ari ukuri nk’amazina cyangwa umubare w’amafaranga yishyurwa, rimwe na rimwe ikanatangwa kuri konti nta mafaranga ariho.

Ibi nyamara abantu n’ibigo bashobora kubyirinda bakoresha uburyo bugezweho bw’ikoranabuhanga bushyirwaho mu kwishyura no guhererekanya amafaranga.

Uretse ibyo, gukoresha sheki bifata umwanya w’umuntu mu gusinya, akayiguha ukajya gutonda umurongo muri banki, wagera imbere y’umukozi wayo bikamusaba kubanza guhamagara uwagusinyiye sheki ngo atange uburenganzira mu magambo mbere y’uko ibikuzwa, rimwe na rimwe bakamubura byose bigahagarra, cyangwa ukaba wasanga hari ibitanditse neza, umwanya ugakomeza kuhangirikira.

Nyamara uwakoresheje ubundi buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga aba yasoje ibyo akora, imirimo na gahunda ze bigakomeza kuko hari uburyo ashobora gukoresha yaba ari mu rugo, ku kazi, areba umupira muri stade cyangwa aryamye.

Nka Banki ya Kigali itanga amakarita atandukanye nka MasterCard ashobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyura ibicuruzwa na serivisi cyangwa kwiguriza, MasterCard Debit Standard na MasterCard Debit World, MasterCard Credit Standard, MasterCard Credit World na MasterCard Platinum.

Hari kandi ‘BK Mobile App’ ishyirwa muri smartphone, ubundi bakabasha kubona serivisi zirimo kwishyura serivisi n’ibicuruzwa, kohereza no kwakira amafaranga n’izindi.

Mu bihombo biterwa na sheki nta n’uwakwirengagiza ko kuzibika bigoye kuko ari impapuro, zigakorwa mu biti kandi iki ari ikinyejana cyo kwita ku bidukikije, byose bigasaba ikiguzi kandi kigaruka no ku mukiliya mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

None kuki hari abagikomeye kuri sheki?

Mu myaka ya 2000 inzego zimwe zari zihaye ko umwaka wa 2018 uzasiga sheki cyangwa ubundi buryo bwifashisha inyandiko bubaye amateka muri serivisi za banki, ndetse benshi bari bemeranyije kubishyira mu bikorwa. Gusa ibi ntibyashobotse kubera imyumvire ya bamwe cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ritarasakara hose.

Hari abantu benshi bakunda gukoresha sheki, nyarara zisaba umwanya munini kurusha ubundi buryo bwose buteganywa na banki

Amafoto: Muhizi Serge