Umubare munini w’ababuranishijwe ku cyaha cya Jenoside ni abanyuze imbere y’inkiko Gacaca kuko zavuyeho zimaze guca imanza zirenga miliyoni ebyiri. Hari n’abandi bari mu bacurabwenge b’umugambi wa Jenoside n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo, bahunze ubwo batsindwaga n’ingabo zari iza FPR-Inkotanyi.

Bamwe bahungiye mu bihugu bya Afurika abandi bahungira mu bihugu bikomeye byo mu burayi na Amerika, aho bumvaga ko bisa n’ibigoranye ko bakuriranwa n’inkiko.

Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwashyize imbere ubutabera, bwasabye ibihugu kugira uruhare mu guhana abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi babyihishemo.

Byatangiye ibihugu nk’u Bufaransa n’u Bubiligi byari byihishemo benshi bitabyumva, cyane ko nabyo byashinjwaga no kugira uruhare muri Jenoside mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

U Rwanda rwakomeje kwereka amahanga ko kudahana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi biri mu byatiza umurindi ingengabitekerezo yayo, ndetse n’abayihakana.

Uko iminsi yagiye ishira, ni ko ibihugu byatangiye kubyumva ndetse hashyirwaho n’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ICTR, abandi bakoherezwa mu Rwanda n’ibihugu bafatiwemo.

Mu 2007 hashyizweho Ishami Rishinzwe Gushakisha no gukurikirana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bataragezwa imbere y’ubutabera, GFTU.

GFTU ibarizwa mu Bushinjacyaha Bukuru bw’u Rwanda ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru no kumenya aho abantu bakekwaho uruhare rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, baherereye no kugirana imikoranire n’ibindi bihugu.

Iyo hamaze kumenyekana amakuru ku haba haherereye abakekwaho ibi byaha, hakorwa impapuro zisaba ko bafatwa, zikoherezwa.

Kuri ubu hamaze gutangwa impapuro zirenga 1100 zoherejwe mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo ibyo muri Afurika n’ibindi, ngo bashakishwe bashyikirizwe ubutabera.

Hari bamwe bamaze gutabwa muri yombi barimo abagera kuri 26 boherejwe mu Rwanda bagakurikiranwa n’ubutabera, n’abari gukurikiranwa n’inkiko zo mu bindi bihugu.

Uyu munsi Urwego Mpuzahanga rwasigaranye imirimo y’Urukiko rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, IRMCT, ruri kuburanirisha Kabuga Felicien ufatwa nk’umuterankunga ukomeye wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ibihugu nk’u Bufaransa n’u Bubiligi nabyo byiyemeje kuburanisha ababirimo bagize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Nko mu Bufaransa, hashyizweho imikorere izafasha gukemura iki kibazo irimo ko nibura buri mwaka hazajya haburanishwa abantu babiri.

Kugeza ubu bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside bari mu Bufaransa bari kuburanishwa barimo Bucyibaruta Laurent wagejejwe mu rukiko mu mwaka ushize, na Claude Muhayimana, nubwo bajuririye igihano bahawe.

Muri Gicurasi 2023 hazatangira kuburanishwa Hategekimana Philippe wahoze ari umujandarume i Nyanza, naho mu Ugushyingo uyu mwaka hazaburanishwa Dr Munyemana Sostène ushinjwa ibyaha byabereye mu Mujyi wa Butare.

Abandi bategerejwe kuba bahanirwa uruhare rwabo muri Jenoside ni Agathe Kanziga Habyarimana, umugore w’uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana, Aloys Ntiwiragabo, Col Laurent Serubuga, Eugène Rwamucyo n’abandi.

IRMCT igaragaza ko igikomeje gushakisha abandi bashinjwa uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi barimo Fulgence Kayishema, Charles Sikubwabo, Charles Ryandikayo na Aloys Ndimbati batarafatwa.

Urupfu rwatumye bamwe bataryozwa ibyo bakoze

Nubwo hashyizwe imbaraga nyinshi mu gushakisha abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hari abo byagiye bigaragara ko bashakishwa kandi barapfuye kera, ntibimenyekane kubera kubaho mu buzima bwo kwihishahisha.

Mu bo byemejwe ko bapfuye harimo Protais Mpiranya, Phénéas Munyarugarama na Augustin Bizimana.

Protais Mpiranya

Ibiro by’Umushinjacyaha w’Urwego Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y’Insigarira y’Inkiko Mpanabyaha (IRMCT) muri Gicurasi 2022, byemeje urupfu rwa Protais Mpiranya washakishwaga ku byaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

IRMCT yemeje ko Mpiranya yapfuye tariki 5 Ukwakira 2006 i Harare muri Zimbabwe.

Mpiranya wahoze akuriye ingabo zarindaga Perezida Habyarimana, ni umwe mu bashakishwaga na ICTR, ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside.

Kwemeza urupfu rwa Mpiranya byaturutse ku iperereza ryakorewe ku mubiri we, mu isuzuma rya gihanga ryakorewe mu Kigo cyo mu Buholandi gishinzwe ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bumenyi n’ubuhanga bikoreshwa mu butabera (Netherlands Forensic Institute).

Mpiranya yakorewe impapuro z’ibirego na ICTR mu 2000, zinashyirwa mu ruhame muri uwo mwaka.

Yashinjwaga ibirego umunani bya Jenoside, kuba icyitso cy’abakoze Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha by’ intambara.

Yashinjwaga kuba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi bwakorewe abayobozi bakuru bamaganaga umugambi wa Jenoside barimo uwari Minisitiri w’intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Perezida w’urukiko rurinda ubusugire bw’itegeko Nshinga, Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi na minisitiri w’itangazamakuru.

Yashinjwaga kandi ubwicanyi bw’abasirikare icumi b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri icyo gihe.

Nyuma yo gutangaza ibirego bya ICTR bimushinja, Mpiranya yahungiye muri Zimbabwe mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2002, ari naho yabaga kugeza apfuye.

Imva ya Mpiranya Protais yabonetse muri Zimbabwe, bigaragara ko yari yarahinduye amazina akitwa Sambao Ndume mu buryo bwo gusibanganya ibinyetso.

Major Mpiranya yari umusirikare uyoboye abarindaga Perezida Habyarimana

Protais Mpiranya yarapfuye, ashyingurwa mu yandi mazina mu kujijisha umuntu wese wamushakisha

Phénéas Munyarugarama

Munyarugarama wari Lieutenant Colonel mu ngabo z’u Rwanda (FAR), yashakishwaga kubera ibyaha yakoze nk’uwari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Gako mu Karere ka Bugesera, muri Perefegitura ya Kigali-Ngali muri 1994.

IRMCT nyuma y’iperereza ryimbitse, yamenye ko yapfuye azize urupfu rusanzwe muri Gashyantare 2002 i Kankwala mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC), ari naho yashyinguwe.

Yashinjwaga ibyaha umunani birimo itsembabwoko, gushishikariza mu buryo butaziguye no gukangurira rubanda gukora Jenoside, n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.

Munyarugarama ngo yaba ari we nyirabayazana w’ubwicanyi bwibasiye imbaga, ibitero n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryakorewe abaturage b’Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye mu Karere ka Bugesera, harimo n’ibitero byibasiye impunzi z’Abatutsi kuri kiliziya Gatolika ya Ntarama n’iya Nyamata.

Munyarugarama yakorewe impapuro z’ibirego bwa mbere n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashiriweho u Rwanda ICTR muri 2002.

Munyarugarama yapfuye mu 2002 ataburanishijwe

Augustin Bizimana

Augustin Bizimana wabaye Minisitiri w’Ingabo muri Guverinoma y’Abatabazi, wapfuye muri Kanama 2000 muri Congo aho yari yarahungiye.

Uyu nawe yaregwaga ibyaha 13 byerekeranye na jenoside birimo uruhare mu kwica uwari minisitiri w’intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana, abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa i Kigali n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri perefegitura za Gisenyi, Ruhengeri, Butare, Kibuye na Cyangugu.

IRMCT yemeje ko uyu mugabo yapfuye nyuma yo kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gupima no kwemeza umwirondoro w’abapfuye.

Ibi byagezweho ku bufatanye bw’ibihugu by’u Rwanda, Congo-Brazzaville, u Buholandi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zatanze ’laboratoire’ yapimiwemo ibimenyetso ndangasano (ADN).

Uretse abo biba byaramaze kwemezwa, hari amakuru agaragaza ko abataraboneka bamwe hari igihe baba batakiriho, nubwo biba bigoye kubihamya cyane ko abenshi babaho mu buryo bwo kwihisha bigatuma banahindura imyirondoro.

Hari n’abo usanga bitaramenyekana niba bariho cyangwa batakiriho cyane ko n’abandi byagiye bimenyekana nyuma y’imyaka itari mike bibaye.

Urupfu rwabo rwabaye igihombo ku butabera kuko batigeze bakurikiranwa ku ruhare rwabo bagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ngo banaruryozwe.