Byakozwe binyuze mu gukurikirana abagore batwite hakiri kare, kugera kwa muganga ku gihe n’ibindi ku buryo ubu u Rwanda rugeze ku rugero rwo kumenya indwara izibasira umwana, inda ye ikiri ku mezi atatu gusa.

Ubu mu Rwanda imibare igaragaza ko gahunda yo kubyarira kwa muganga biri ku kigero cya 95%, impfu z’ababyeyi bapfa babyara ziri kuri 203 ku bagore ibihumbi 100, bavuye ku 1070 bariho mu myaka ya 2000.

Ubu abana bapfa bavuka bageze kuri 19 ku bana 1000, abapfa bataruzuza imyaka itanu ni 45 ku 1000 na ho abapfa batamaze umwaka ni 33 ku 1000 bavuka ari bazima.

U Rwanda nk’ibindi bihugu rwihaye intego ko mu 2030 nibura izo mpfu zagabanyuka zikagera ku 126 ku bagore ibihumbi 100 babyaye, byaba byiza bakanagera kuri 70 uretse ko n’iyo baba zeru byaba akarusho.

Ubu rufite inzobere mu buvuzi zirenga 140, ndetse mu myaka ine iri imbere hazaba barenga 200 mu gihe nta we ubuze ubuzima, binyuze muri gahunda yo kwigishiriza izi nzobere mu bitaro byigisha.

Mu bamaze kuminuza muri uru rwego, harimo na Dr Nshimiyumuremyi Emmanuel, usanzwe ari inzobere mu ndwara z’abagore, yongeyeho n’ibyo gukurikirana umugore utwite mu buryo butomoye (Maternal-Fetal Medecine).

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi yize mu Rwanda, ajya mu Bwongereza, Vietnam na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ni amasomo afasha umuntu kumenya ibyago umwana ukiri mu nda yazagira bikiri ku mezi atatu, bigakosorwa agakira.

Ati “Birimo nko kugira umuvuduko w’amaraso. Tubibonye ku mezi atatu dushobora kubirwanya hafi kuri 90%. Niba ari abantu 10 bashobora kubigira icyenda turabafasha ntibazabigire n’umwe yafata imiti neza akabaho. Uyu muvuduko w’amaraso ni wo wa gatatu mu byica abagore benshi.”

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi Emmanuel wo muri CHUK apima umugore utwite

Ni ikibazo gishobora kwangiza impyiko z’umubyeyi, kuko ashobora kuvira mu mutwe, umubyeyi agapfana n’umwana we n’ibindi.

Kugeza uyu munsi abamaze kurangiza muri ayo masomo ni batanu. Barimo batatu bigiye mu Bwongereza na babiri barimo na Dr Nshimyumuremyi bigiye mu Rwanda.

Hari n’abandi batanu bakiri mu ishuri bagiye kurangiza byibuze mu bitaro bikomeye hakaba hari umuntu.

Guha amaraso umwana uri mu nda byeze kuri aya masomo

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi yabwiye IGIHE ko ibyakorerwaga mu mahanga ubu bisigaye bikorerwa mu Rwanda, ku buryo ibibazo umwana yavukanaga bisigaye bitahurwa kare, umugore n’umwana bakarengerwa.

Bijyana n’ibikoresho bikomeje kugurwa mu Rwanda, akagaruka ku mashini ya ‘ultrasound’ iherutse guhabwa CHUK.

Ati “Ishobora kukwereka ibibazo umwana afite mu nda. Ifite AI igufasha iyo uri gusuzuma umwana ikwereka n’ibindi bice bifite ikibazo. Turi mu Bwongereza nabonaga ari i nzozi ko tuyibona. Twabonye iyi mashini, ibindi biroroshye.”

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi ari mu itsinda ryongereye amaraso umwana ukiri mu nda, igikorwa cyari gikozwe bwa mbere mu Rwanda.

Ni umubyeyi wagiye ku bitaro by’akarere agenda abona inda ye igenda yiyongera, abaganga babona ko umwana ashobora kuba afite ikibazo, cyane cyane bakabona ko amazi mu nda ashobora kuba ari kwiyongera.

Yageze muri CHUK bakora isesengura rihambaye, basanga uretse amazi yari ari kwiyongera umwana afite n’ikibazo cy’amaraso make.

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi ati “Byari birimo biterwa n’uko [umwana] afite amaraso make kubera ko nyina yari afite ubwoko bw’amaraso bwa ‘rhesis negatif’, hari imiti atari yarabashije kubona mbere atwite. Noneho umubyeyi akora abasirikare barwanya amaraso y’umwana ku buryo umwana yaje kugira amaraso make.”

U Rwanda rushaka kugera ku muhigo wo kugabanya ababyeyi bapfa babyara bakagera kuri 70 mu babyeyi 1000 babyaye byaba amahirwe bikagera kuri zeru

Ni ikibazo cyari kigaragaye bihurirana n’uko Dr. Nshimiyimana na bagenzi be bari barabyize ndetse we ubwe yarahawe n’ibikoresho byafasha abantu 100 bafite icyo kibazo.

Ati “Umurwayi yaraje turamufasha, ndumva umwana twaramuhaye amaraso nk’inshuro zigeze mu 10. Twatangiye inda ifite amezi atandatu, tumubyaza inda igize amezi icyenda, umwana ajya aho bavurira abana baramufasha. Ibyo rero twari tuzi ko hano mu Rwanda batabikora.”

Yashimiye n’ubuyobozi bwa CHUK n’ubw’igihugu muri rusange kuko ibikoresho bakeneye babiboneye ku gihe, nko kubona amaraso na cyane ko “amaraso duha abana bari mu nda ntabwo aba angana n’ay’abantu bakuru. Biba bisaba kuyatunganya akaba make ariko harimo insoro zitukura nyinshi.”

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi yavuze ko byabaye ngombwa ko aganira n’Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe gutanga Amaraso mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RCBT-Kigali) Dr. Muyombo Thomas, babasha kugera ku gipimo cya 70% cy’amaraso arimo insoro zitukura yari akenewe.

Ati “Ayo dutanga aba ari kuri 40% urumva babashije kuyatunganya bakuba kabiri. Twari tuzi ko bitashoboka hano.”

Kubagira umwana mu nda mu bikurikira…

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi yavuze ko uretse iryo koranabuhanga bakoze, ubu bari gutekereza uburyo bashyiraho laboratwari, yigira ku ngero z’ibyabaye mu gufasha abandi batwite hirindwa ko byakongera kuba.

Yavuze ko hari abana bajya bagira indwara zikomoka ku ruhererekane rw’imiryango [genetique] harimo izo bita ‘trisomie 21’, aho umwana agira utunyangingo turenze utwagenwe, bigatuma ashobora kuvuka afite imikurire itameze neza, afite n’ibibazo by’umutima, ubwonko n’ibindi.

Ati “Ubu iyi mashini ishobora kutwereka ibimenyetso ariko turashaka gukora laboratwari ku buryo nitureba tukabona umwana afite ikibazo tugenda tukajya kumufatayo ibizamini, umwana uri mu nda tukamufata ibizamini bakajya kubipima muri laboratwari bakatubwira ikibazo uko kimeze. Icyo gihe binadufasha ko niba umubyeyi yongeye gutwita tumugira inama y’uburyo yabigenza ntibyongere kuba.”

Ni umushinga bari gutekereza ndetse bazifashisha, imashini izwi nka ‘microarray’ ifasha mu gusesengura ingirabuzimafatizo umuntu afite n’uburyo zigenda ziteza ibibazo, ifatwa nk’igisubizo cyihuse mu gukemura ibibazo.

CHUK yahawe imashini ifasha mu gukosora ibibazo umwana ukiri mu nda afite

Ni umushinga mu gihe gito kiri imbere uzaba watangijwe muri CHUK ku buryo na ba bana baba bafite ubumuga bazajya bapimwa, ibisubizo bijyanwe muri Laboratwari, bafashwe na mbere y’uko bavuka.

Dr. Nshimyumuremyi yashimangiye ko nyuma yo gupima hazajya hakurikiraho gusobanurira “umubyeyi tuti ‘umwana navuka bishobora kugenda gutya. Iyo wabashije kubona uburwayi neza ubasha gusobanurira umubyeyi uti umwana uzabyara ashobora kuzamera gutya cyangwa wongeye gutwita ibyago byo kongera kugira icyo kibazo biri ku rwego rungana gutya.”

Irindi koranabuhanga bari gutekereza ni ukubaga umwana ukiri mu nda cyane cyane gutandukanya abana bazavuka ari impanga.

Impamvu ni uko umubyeyi utwite abo bana hari igihe umwe acura undi kubera ko bahuje ingobyi, ugasanga hari nubwo umwe muri bo apfuye cyangwa bose bagapfa.

Mu babyeyi batwite abana babiri basangiye ingobyi, 15% baba bashobora guhura n’ibibazo nk’ibi byahitana umwana umwe cyangwa bombi.

Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi ati “Ibyo rero tubasha kubibona hafi nko ku mezi ane tukabona ko bizaba. Hari uburyo tuzajya dukora bwo kubaga tukajya mu nda y’umubyeyi utwite, dukoresheje ‘lasers’ ya mitsi yabahuzaga tukayitandukanya. Tubikoze numva twaba tubaye nk’aba mbere muri Afurika.”

Yasobanuye ko iyo abana basangiye ingobyi bahana amaraso, bityo umwe muri bo akagira ibyago byo gupfira mu nda cyangwa bombi bakahaburira ubuzima.

Muri iki gikorwa bazajya bakurikirana umubyeyi, uwo basanganye icyo kibazo hakoreshwe camera binjire mu nda aho abana bari muri nyababyeyi, kugeza bashoboye gutandukanya imitsi ibahuje.

Ati “Uba uyireba kuri camera ukabatandukanya neza ukoresheje ‘laser’ kandi nta kibazo byateza umwana n’umubyeyi. Igituma mvuga ko twabigeraho, kenshi abantu bumva ko ari ibyo mu bihugu byateye imbere ariko nageze muri Vietnam, na cyo ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’imibereho y’abaturage baho ubona ko bijya kumera nko mu Rwanda. Na bo kuba babikora, natwe birashoboka.”

Mu mboni za Dr. Nshimiyumuremyi, kutagira amakuru ahagije, abaganga bake bazobereye ubu buvuzi (kuko nko muri CHUK ari umwe kandi hakenewe batanu), umuvuduko w’amaraso watewe no gutwita, kuva umubyeyi ari kubyara na ‘infections’ zatewe no kubagwa.

U Rwanda rushaka kugera ku muhigo wo kugabanya ababyeyi bapfa babyara bakagera kuri 70 mu babyeyi 1000 babyaye byaba amahirwe bikagera kuri zeru