Mushobora kuba mwarabikoraga mutebya ariko burya hari uburwayi bwihariye bwo kutabasha gutandukanya amabara, ku buryo iryo abandi babona wowe uribonamo ikindi.

Ushobora kumva ko ibi bisanzwe, nyamara abahanga bavuga ko hari indwara ituma umuntu atabona cyangwa ngo atandukanye amabara runaka, ibi bikaba byatuma hari n’ubwo yitiranya amabara adafite aho ahuriye nk’umutuku n’icyatsi.

Abahanga bavuga ko iyi ndwara izwi nka ’color vision deficiency’, yugarije benshi aho byibura 8% by’abatuye isi bose bayifite, kandi igakunda kwibasira abagabo kurusha abagore.

Ubusanzwe iyi ndwara igabanyijemo ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi bwose buterwa no kuba habayeho ikibazo mu tunyangingo two mu maso dushinzwe kubona no gutandukanya amabara, hagendewe ku ngufu z’urumuri.

Ubwoko bwa mbere ni ubuzwi nka Anomalous Trichromacy, indwara ituma utabasha kubona ibara ry’icyatsi, umutuku cyangwa ubururu.

Ubusanzwe, habaho ubwoko butatu bw’utunyangingo dushinzwe kubona no gutandukanya amabara (cone cell). Abafite ubu burwayi bwo mu cyiciro cya mbere, kamwe muri utwo tunyangingo kaba gahari ariko kadakora nk’uko bikwiye bikabatera ibibazo byo kutabasha kubona amabara amwe n’amwe.

Benshi mu bafite ubu burwayi ntibabasha kubona ibara ry’icyatsi. Abandi bananirwa kubona umutuku, cyangwa ntibabashe gutandukanya ibara ry’ubururu n’ibara rya move (purple)

Ubwo bwa kabiri bw’indwara yo kutabasha gutandukanya amabara cyangwa kutayabona, ni ubuzwi nka Dichromacy. Ufite ubu burwayi ntabasha kubona amabara arenze rimwe.

Aba baba bafite ubwoko bubiri gusa bwa twa tunyangingo dushinzwe kubona amabara, bigatuma batabasha kubona amabara yose.

Abarwaye iyi ndwara bashobora kwitiranya umukara n’umutuku, icyatsi n’umuhondo, icyatsi na orange ndetse n’andi mabara menshi cyane bitewe n’ubwoko bw’utunyangingo budahari. Iyi ndwara yo iba ikomeye cyane ku buryo usanga uyirwaye inamubangamira mu mirimo ye ya buri munsi.

Ubwoko bwa gatatu ni Monochromacy, butuma utabona ibara na nimwe. Mu gihe ku bundi bwoko haba hari amabara agaragara, aha ho nta bara na rimwe rigaragara. Abafite ubu burwayi usanga bibonera umweru n’umukara gusa, ibintu bitabarwa nk’amabara muri siyansi.

Iyi ndwara ntikunze kubaho ariko ni mbi cyane mu gihe yabayeho kuko umuntu uyirwaye aba ameze nk’uba mu isi idafite ibara na rimwe.

Ubu bwoko bw’ingenzi tuvuze bugiye buciyemo ibindi ibice byinshi cyane bitewe n’ibyateye ubu burwayi. Niyo mpamvu, n’iyo waba utibeshya kuri amwe mu mabara twavuze haruguru ariko ukaba ufite andi utabona cyangwa witiranya, ni ngombwa kubyitaho.

By’umwihariko ababyeyi bagirwa inama yo kwita ku bana babo, bakabajyana kwa muganga mu gihe bababonanye ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara, kuko kimwe n’izindi ndwara z’amaso. Akenshi abarwaye ubu burwayi bahabwa indorerwamo zabugenewe zibafasha kubona amabara amaso yabo atabasha kubona mu buryo busanzwe.

Ufite ubu burwayi ashobora kubona amabara atandukanye n'ay'ukuri ahari