Amakuru atangazwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO), avuga ko hari impinduka nziza yabaye mu bihugu 20 byo muri Afrika byakunze kwibasirwa cyane n’indwara ya mugiga. Ibyo bihugu ni Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Ethiopie, Nigeria, Niger, Ghana, Mali, Centrafrika, Kongo-Kinshasa, Tchad, Togo, Sudani na Uganda; naho ibihugu nka Guinea, Zambiya, Kenya, Mauritania, Senegal na Erythrea byo iyo ndwara ikaba igenda icika, abayirwara baba bacye cyane. Muri Afrika yose, umubare w’abarwaraga mugiga buri mwaka waravuye ku bantu 250.000 ugera ku bantu 70.000 nk’uko bivugwa n’ubwo bushakashatsi.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima rivuga ko Afrika, muri rusange imaze gutera intambwe ishimishije mu kurwanya icyorezo cya mugiga ndetse n’ibindi byorezo muri rusange. Igabanuka ry’ibyorezo muri Afrika, ubushakashatsi buvuga ko biterwa n’ibikorwa remezo nk’amavuriro agenda yongerwa mu bihugu byinshi ndetse n’ abakozi bayakoramo hamwe n’ibikoresho bigezweho mu gusuzuma no kuvura indwara. Ikindi kivugwa kigenda gitera intambwe nziza muri Afrika ni iterambere mu birebana no gukingira indwara.

Indwara ya mugiga, iterwa n’uko mu turemangingo duto tuba mu bwonko (méninges) ubusanzwe dukorana n’indi myakura igera ku rutirigongo, hazamo mikorobe cyangwa indi myanda (méningites). Muri Afrika iyo ndwara igaragara cyane mu bihugu byo mu munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, ahakunze kuva izuba ryinshi, ahenshi hakaba ari mu bihugu bivuga igifaransa. Gusa, mu bihugu bigera kuri 20 byakunze bwibasirwa na mugiga mu myaka 10 ishize, ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko ahenshi yagabanutse inshuro eshatu, ku buryo umubare w’abahitanwa nayo wayabe muto cyane. Urugero ni mu gihugu cya Burkina Faso, igihugu kiza ku isonga ku ndwara ya mugiga muri Afrika, aho mu mwaka wa 2005 yahitanye abantu 432, mu mwaka 2008 ihitana abantu barenga 297, mu mwaka wa 2010 bakaba baragabanutse kugeza ku bantu 110.

Kuyirandura burundu ntibirashoboka henshi muri Afrika

Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma agace k’Afrika y’Iburengerazuba kibasirwa cyane n’indwara ya mugiga ni imiterere y’ako igizwe n’ubutumburuke buri hagati ya dogere 4 kugeza kuri 16. Imiterere y’ibi bihugu yiyongera ku bushyuhe bwinshi buhaba bugatuma mugiga ihitana abaturage baho benshi, abandi ikabasigira ubumuga budakira. Ibyo bihugu twavuze haruguru, usanga ku nyanja ya Antalantika ugakomeza kugeza ku nyanja y’Abahinde, bifatwa nk’ibyiganjemo cyane indwara ya mugiga kurusha ibindi muri Afrika « ceinture de la méningite ». Ku bantu barenga gato miliyoni 450 batuye ako gace k’Afrika, mu myaka 10 ishize abarenga 250.000 barwaraga mugiga ndetse abagera ku 25.000 bagahitanwa nayo abandi ikabasigira ubumuga bukomeye.

Muri ibyo bihugu 20 by’Afrika byiganjemo indwara ya mugiga, ibigera kuri 14 bimaze kugabanya cyane umubare w’abahitanwaga nayo, bitewe na gahunda yo gukingira abaturage bose no kuvura ku gihe abafashwe n’iyo ndwara. Ibi bikaba ari ibisobanurwa n’Ishami ry’umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO): « Intambwe nziza yatewe n’ibyo bihugu, yatumye umubare w’abaturage barwaraga mugiga uva ku 250.000 ugera ku 70.000 ». Mu Rwanda, muri rusange icyorezo cya mugiga ntikihavugwa, kuko u Rwanda ari intangarugero mu gutanga inkingo kare no kuvura uwo ariwe wese urwaye.

Mugiga nke iboneka mu Rwanda ahanini iza atari icyorezo, ahubwo ari nk’ icyuririzi ku muntu urwaye SIDA kandi nawe yitabwaho neza, ku buryo nta muntu iyi ndwara ikizahaza mu Rwanda. Ubukangurambaga (campaign) bukorwa neza mu gihugu na gahunda yo gukingira ku buntu kandi ku bantu bose bagejeje igihe (abana kimwe n’abakuru babyifuza), ni imwe mu ngamba ituma mugiga idahangayikishije u Rwanda.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bya mugiga ni ukugagara ibikanu, kuribwa umutwe cyane, kugira umuriro mwinshi, guteshaguzwa…umuntu ugaragaje ibi bimenyetso akaba agomba kugezwa kwa muganga bitadinze.

Imvaho Nshya