Indwara yo kwangirika ubwonko, ikunze kwitwa Accident Vasculaire Cérébral (AVC) cyangwa Stroke; cerebrovascular accident (CVA), ni indwara ishobora kwica uyirwaye mugihe gito ayibonyeho, yanagira amahirwe yo kuyirokoka, akaba yakurizamo ubumuga bw’ingingo bwa burundu.

Iyi ndwara ubundi irangwa no gutakaza byihuse ubushobozi bw’imikorere y’ubwonko, bitewe ahanini no kudakora neza kw’inzungano n’imitsi ijyana amaraso ku bwonko.

Ibi bibazo by’amaraso atabasha kugera neza ku bwonko nabyo ahanini biterwa n’indwara yo kubura amaraso, kuva cyane imyuna, cyangwa kugira kuvura kw’amaraso.

Ingaruka zo kugira igice cy’ubwonko cyangiritse, cyangwa kitagerwamo n’amaraso neza, bigatuma kirekeraho gukora, ni uko bishobora gutuma ingingo z’uruhande rumwe rw’ibumoso cyangwa iburyo bw’umubiri zinanirwa gukora, aricyo bakunze kwita paralize.

Uretse paralize, hariho n’abagira ikibazo cya AVC, bagatakaza ububasha bwo kuvuga, kumva, ndetse hari n’abananirwa kureba ibintu biri mu ruhande rumwe, kuko iyo uyirwazye adapfuye amugara igihende kimwe cyose cy’umubiri.

Iyi ndwara, wakwita nanone impanuka y’imyakura, niyo yambere iteza ubumuga bw’abantu bakuze muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ikaba n’iya gatatu muzihitana benshi mu Bufaransa nyuma y’iyitwa Infarctus du myocarde na cancer z’uburyo butandukanye, kuko ihitana abagera ku bihumbi 62 kumwaka.

Bimwe mu biyisembura, byanabarwa nk’inkomoko yayo, ni umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso (hypertension), kugira Cholesterol nyinshi mu maraso ahanini tunakura mukurya amavuta menshi, kugira ibibazo byo kubura amaraso, kurwara Diyabete, no kunywa itabi, ibyo nibyo ahanini bikurura ibyago byo kugira AVC.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso byakwereka ko ushobora kugira AVC

Iyo ugize bene iyi mpanuka, ibimenyetso bitandatu ushobora kwibonaho ariko bitavuze ko byose bigomba kuzira rimwe ni:

• Ugutakaza imbaraga z’akaboko, ukuguru, cyangwa igice cy’isura kuburyo umuntu atabasha kunyeganyeza kimwe muri ibyo bice, haba igice cyose cyangwa agace gato kacyo, aribyo byitwa hémiparésie.

• Gutakaza kumva kw’akaguru, ukuboko, isura, cyangwa uruhande rwose rw’umubiri.

• Kunanirwa kubona amagambo yo kuvuga, no kuyavuga ubwabyo, cyangwa yanavugwa interuro, amagambo ntibyumvikane neza, icyo bita (aphasie sensitive cyangwa Wernicke); kunanirwa kuzunguza ururimi, no kutabasha kumira amacandwe, byo byitwa (aphasie motrice cyangwa Broca).

• Kutabasha kugenda no guhagarara neza bishobora guteza no kugwa.

• Gutakaza ububasha bwo kubona kw’ijisho rimwe (amaurose), cyangwa kubonamo ibintu bibiri bibiri (diplopie), kugira ibibazo byo kubona bishobora kwigaragaza mbereho amasaha 12 mbere yo kugira impanuka ya AVC mugihe cy’iminota mike bikongera bigashira, kumva utaye ubwenge ukananirwa no gufungura amaso kurumuri, kugira imboni zitangana, cyangwa zitabasha kumva urumuri, yewe hakabaho no gutakaza ububasha bwo kubona amabara (achromatopsie cérébrale).

• Kuribwa n’umutwe bikomeye, nta kimenyetso kibanje kubaho mbere yo kuwurwara.

Ibi bimenyetso byose, hari ubwo bishobora kuba kumuntu batari ikibazo cya AVC yagize, ahubwo ari nk’ikibyimba cya kanseri yagize kubwonko. Akenshi bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugera kumuntu muburyo bwihuse bikaza no kurangira iyo bicyoroheje, ariko iyo bikabije umuntu ahita ata ubwenge akagwa muri coma. Uko ibi bimenyetso byagera kumuntu kose biba ari ngombwa guhita yihutira kujya kwa muganga bidatinze kuko gutinda bishobora kuvamo Paralize cyangwa n’urupfu.

Uburyo AVC ivurwa

Iyo wahuye n’ibyago byo kugira AVC, ugomba kongera kwigishwa gukoresha ingingo, ugakorerwa ubugororangingo (kinésithérapie, ergothérapie, orthophonie, imirire igomba kwitabwaho, ndetse hagakorwa n’imyitozo ngororangingo iboneye inashoboka.

Mukuvura abahuye na bene ibi bibazo ahenshi nko mu bihugu by’u Bwongereza, hakunze gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kongera kwigisha umuntu gukoresha ingingo ze, bitewe n’urwego rwo kwangirika ubwonko bwagize, hashobora no gutangwa imiti ivura kuva kw’amaraso, yo mubwoko bwa anti-vitamine K, cyangwa hakavurwa ibice by’umubiri byanduye cyane iyo biterwa n’uburwayi bw’ibihaha cyangwa impyiko.

Iyi ndwara yo kwangirika k’ubwonko Stroke cyangwa AVC, niyo yambere itera ubumuga buhoraho, ikaba iya kabiri mu zitera ibisazi cyangwa kurwara mu mutwe nk’uko bivugwa. 25% y’abantu bakora bahura na bene iki kibazo baba bafite amahirwe yo kuzongera kubasha gukora ikindi gihe.

Bamwe mu bakunze kwibasirwa nayo ni abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 68 na 70, ariko ubundi ifata abantu bo bigero byose idatoranyije, kuko ubu abantu bari munsi y’imyaka 45 bahuye nayo, bagera ku 10%.

AVC cyangwa Stroke, kuri ubu itwara kane ku ijana y’ibitangwa ku kiguzi cy’ubuzima bw’Abanyaburayi n’ababa mu bihugu byateye imbere. Uku kwangirika k’ubwonko bivugwa ko ari nako kwahitanye umukinnyi wa Cinema w’Umunyatanzaniya Steven Charles Kanumba.

uwagizweho n'ingaruka

Imwe munzira yo kwirinda kurwara AVC, ikaba ari ugukora ariko hakabaho umwanya wo kuruhuka uhagije, kuko gukora ukinaniza cyane nabyo biri mubikurura ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’impanuka z’imyakura, gukora siporo mu buryo bugereranyije nabyo ni ingenzi.