Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni umusaruro w’ivangura n’inyigisho z’urwango zari zimaze imyaka isaga 90 zinjijwe mu Rwanda n’abazungu.

Uru rwango n’amacakubiri babibye nibyo byabaye intandaro y’ishingwa rya Parmehutu, ishyaka ryagize uruhare runini mu guharurira inzira Jenoside.

Aba ni bamwe mu bazungu b’ingenzi bagize uruhare mu gushwanyaguza ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, bakabera ikiraro Parmehutu n’inyigisho z’urwango zakurikiyeho, zasize u Rwanda rutakaje abana barwo basaga miliyoni muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Musenyeri Léon Classe

Nimero ya mbere mu gushwanyaguza u Rwanda n’inkingi zarwo, Musenyeri Léon Classe arihariye. Uyu Mufaransa wageze mu Rwanda mu myaka ya mbere y’ubukoloni, yagize uruhare runini mu kugena icyerecyezo cyarwo mu myaka yakurikiyeho, aca intege imiyoborere y’umwami Yuhi V Musinga kugeza anamwirukanishije mu gihugu.

Musenyeri Classe, yagizwe Musenyeri ushinzwe u Rwanda mu 1922 nyuma y’igihe ari umwe mu bapadiri bera. Mu gihe yahabwaga kuyobora Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda, ni nabwo u Bubiligi bwari butangiye gufatisha, bushaka icyo bwakora ngo umwami Musinga abumvire bityo na rubanda ruyoboke.

Musenyeri Classe ni we wumvishije Ababiligi ko bagomba gushyira imbere Politiki y'amoko mu Rwanda, ubutegetsi bugahabwa Abatutsi gusa

Musenyeri Classe yari azi neza imikorere y’ubwami bw’u Rwanda kuko yahabaye mbere u Rwanda rugikolonijwe n’Abadage, yari afite byinshi aruziho ugereranyije n’ibyo Ababiligi bari bazi.

Ikindi ni uko Kiliziya Gatolika Classe yari ahawe kuyobora ariyo yari imaze kugira imbaraga nyinshi mu baturage, ifite misiyo hirya no hino ku buryo ariyo yari yegereye abaturage kurusha Ababiligi, ari nacyo cyatumye bakorana bya hafi cyane.

Igitabo Rwanda Before the Genocide Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era cya J. J. Carney, kivuga ko Musenyeri Classe akigera mu Rwanda, yumvishije Ababiligi ko ubutegetsi bugomba kuba umwihariko w’Abatutsi mu nzego zose.

Hari inyandiko zo mu 1906 zigaragaza ko akiri umupadiri, inama nk’iyo yanayihaye abayobozi b’abadage.

Imyumvire y’irondakoko uyu Mufaransa wihaye Imana yari yaramwokamye kugeza ubwo mu 1935 yanditse mu kinyamakuru Grands Lacs ko ‘Abatutsi atari abo mu bwoko bw’aba-Bantu, ni Abanyafurika bagaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kuba Abahamite (abazungu)” bityo bakwiriye kwiharira ubutegetsi.

Mu myaka ya 1926, u Bubiligi bwakoze amavugurura y’imitegekere mu Rwanda aho igihugu cyaciwemo ibice bishya byitwa sheferi na su-Sheferi, hashyirwaho n’abatware bashya biganjemo abari bavuye mu mashuri y’Abakoloni, abashaje barirukanwa.

Mu Batware bashya, Ababiligi bashatse gushyiramo Abahutu ariko Classe arabyanga, avuga ko bizateza imvururu abaturage bakabasuzugura. Yagize ati “Tuvugishije ukuri, nta bandi batware twabona bashoboye, b’abahanga kandi bumvirwa n’abaturage nk’Abatutsi.”

Ibijyanye n’ivanguramoko kandi byinjijwe no muri Kiliziya, aho mu mashuri yayo yakoze ibishoboka byose hinjizwamo abana b’Abatutsi benshi. Bivugwa ko kandi mu mashuri y’Abatutsi, bigishwaga cyane kandi neza kurusha mu mashuri yabagamo abahutu.

Byari ukubategurira imirimo ikomeye yo kuyobora mu gihe Classe yavuze ko abana b’abahutu bakwiriye kwigishwa amasomo azatuma ‘bakora akazi kabakwiriye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro no mu buhinzi.”

Politiki ya Musenyeri Classe n'Ababiligi niyo yatumye Umwamu Rudahigwa asimbuzwa se Musinga, kugira ngo byorohere Abakoloni kuyobora no gucamo ibice Abanyarwanda

Nk’umuntu wari uyoboye Kiliziya Gatolika yageraga mu nzego zose, ntacyo Ababiligi bajyaga gukora Musenyeri Classe atakizi. Ni we wasabye Ababiligi ko bakuraho umwami Musinga bakamwirukana mu gihugu kuko yari yaranze kuyoboka Kiliziya Gatolika, asimbuzwa umuhungu Rudahigwa wabumviraga.

Musinga amaze kuvaho, Kiliziya yabonye ubwinyagamburiro mu gihugu hose. Kugeza mu 1936, 80% by’abashefu n’abasushefu bu Rwanda bari barabatijwe muri Kiliziya Gatolika. Byarushijeho kuba byiza kuri Kiliziya ubwo umwami Rudahigwa yabatizwaga mu 1943, mu 1946 akegurira u Rwanda Kristu Umwami.

Résident Henri Joseph Voisin

Abantu ba mbere barwanyije kandi bakananiza umwami Yuhi V Musinga, Guverineri Henri Joseph Voisin aza ku isonga. Uyu ni nk’aho ari we washyiraga mu bikorwa inama zose Kiliziya Gatolika iyobowe na Musenyeri Classe yabaga yamuhaye.

Musinga yari yarabaye nk’urukuta kuri Kiliziya Gatolika n’Ababiligi kuko ataboroherezaga ngo bagere ku baturage uko babishaka. Yari yaramaze kubona ko Kiliziya ishaka kugumura abaturage ngo bamwigomekeho, agakumirira kure ikintu cyose cyatuma ikomeza kugira imbaraga mu gihugu.

Ni nacyo cyatumye yirukanwa mu gihugu kuko abakoloni bamushinjaga kwitambika imigambi yabo no kutaborohereza ngo ayoboke Kiliziya.

Guverineri Henri Joseph Voisin ni we watanze gahunda y’uko yumvaga u Rwanda rwagabanywamo ibice, za sheferi na su-sheferi. Ni we wari ufite ububasha bwo gushyiraho abatware bashya, akagena n’amabwiriza bakurikiza.

Mu mavugurura yakozwe mu Rwanda guhera mu 1926 kugeza 1932, Guverineri Voisin yahinduye abatware bose abaturage batagishijwe inama. Za Sheferi zagiye zikatwa uko abazungu babishakaga, batarebeye ku duce twari dusanzwe n’uburyo bw’imiyoborere twari dufite.

Mbere ya 1926, abatware babaga baturuka mu moko yose haba Abahutu, Abatwa, Abatutsi ariko nyuma y’amavugurura Abatware b’abahutu n’Abatwa barirukanywe, hasigara ab’Abatutsi gusa.

Amabwiriza mashya yahawe abo Batware ni ukubahiriza amategeko y’abazungu ahanini yabaga akandamiza abaturage, ku buryo rubanda rugufi rutigeze rubiyumvamo. Abo batware bahawe ububasha bwo guhana umuturage wabigomotseho.

Ikindi ni uko kubera ko nta mishahara yahabwaga abatware n’abandi bayobozi mu nzego zo hasi, umutware mushya washyirwagaho yemererwaga gufata imitungo y’uwo asimbuye. Carney mu gitabo cye avuga ko byateje umwiryane kuko benshi batumvaga uburyo ibyo bamaze igihe baruhira, babyamburwa bigahabwa ababasimbuye.

Muri aya mavugurura mashya yari arangajwe imbere na Guverineri Henri Joseph Voisin amaturo ntiyari akiri ay’umwami. Hashyizweho imisoro mishya, uburetwa , imirimo y’amaboko nko gukora imihanda, gutegekwa guhinga ibihingwa bimwe nk’ikawa, imyumbati n’ibindi.

Ibyo bikorwa byaremereye cyane abaturage ndetse bamwe bahitamo guhunga. Jean Paul Kimonyo mu gitabo cye Rwanda un Génocide Populaire, avuga ko nyuma y’amavugurura nibura buri mwaka hahungaga abanyarwanda ibihumbi 50.

Muri iki gihe cya Voisin nibwo abanyarwanda baciwemo amoko bya nyabyo, buri wese n’umuryango we barapimwa kandi bahabwa ubwoko binandikwa mu ndangamuntu zaje gutangwa nyuma ziswe ‘Ibuku’.

Musenyeri André Perraudin

Musenyeri André Perraudin ni we mubyeyi wa Parmehutu kuko yayireze kuva ikivuka arayikuza, kugeza inyigisho zayo zisenye u Rwanda mu 1994. Ni Umusuwisi wageze mu Rwanda mu 1950.

Yatangiye ari umwarimu muri Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda yigishirizwagamo abazaba abapadiri bo mu Rwanda, Congo n’u Burundi.

Seminari ya Nyakibanda yari ikomeye cyane muri ibyo bihe kuko yanyuzemo abapadiri benshi bo mu Rwanda, u Burundi na Congo. Hagati y’imyaka ya 1930 na 1940, yanyuzemo abapadiri 143, bari bagize 25 % by’abapadiri bose Afurika yari ifite icyo gihe.

Musenyeri Perraudin yashyigikiye Parmehutu mu buryo bwose bushoboka

Mu 1956 nibwo Perraudin yagizwe Musenyeri wa Vikariyati ya Kabgayi, asimbuye Musenyeri Laurent Deprimoz wari warakoze impanuka.

Icyo gihe Ababiligi bari baratangiye kwijundika Rudahigwa ndetse bari gutegura uko bazamusimbuza kuko yari yatangiye kugaragaza ko ashaka ubwigenge busesuye bw’u Rwanda. Rudahigwa kandi yari yaratangiye kujya akora byinshi atagishije inama abazungu, ku buryo batamushiraga amakenga.

Ababiligi batangiye gutekereza uko bamuvanaho, ari nabwo bashyiraga imbaraga mu gushyigikira amashyirahamwe y’Abahutu biyitaga abanyabwenge, bagaragaza ko batsikamiwe n’abatutsi kuko aribo bikubiye ubutegetsi.

Mwibuke ko uko gushyira abatutsi mu butegetsi bonyine ari politiki Ababiligi batangije mu mavugurura yo mu 1926 kubwa Musenyeri Classe na Guverineri Voisin. Kuri iyi nshuro babihirikiye ku mwami Rudahigwa n’ingoma ye, barushaho guha urubuga Abahutu ngo bagaragaze ko barenganye koko.

Mu gihe cya Perraudin, ikinyamakuru Kinyamateka cyari gikomeye, aricyo kinyuzwamo by’ingenzi. Perraudin yagihinduriye umurongo, asaba ko kireka kwita ku ngingo zirebana n’umuco nyarwanda ahubwo kikibanda ku bibazo byugarije rubanda rugufi (Abahutu).

Grégoire Kayibanda waje gushinga Parmehutu nyuma, yahawe akazi muri Kinyamateka, ashingwa kujya yandika ku bibazo byugarije abahutu.

Musenyeri Perraudin yaramutonesheje, kugeza ubwo amusabiye stage yo kujya gukorera ikinyamakuru ‘Vers l’Avenir’ cyakoreraga mu Bubiligi. Amaze kuvayo yagizwe umwanditsi mukuru wa Kinyamateka.

Kuri iyi foto hagaragaraho Musenyeri Nsengiyumva Tadeyo wari Musenyeri wa Kabgayi na Musenyeri Perraudin banywa inzoga mu kabindi

Mu 1959 Musenyeri Perraudin yari yamaze kwerekana ko Kiliziya Gatolika yarambiwe ubwami mu Rwanda. Mu ibaruwa yanditse tariki 11 Gashyantare 1959 igasomwa mu maparuwasi yose yo mu Rwanda, yavuze ko Kiliziya itazigera na rimwe ishyigikira ubutegetsi burangwa n’ikimenyane.

Perraudin na Kiliziya bararuciye bararumira ku bwicanyi Abatutsi bakorewe guhera mu 1959 kugeza mu 1963, akomeza gufasha Parmehutu na Kayibanda ku mugaragaro ndetse amwitura kumugira Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda ubwo yatangiraga mu 1963.

Résident Col Guy Logiest

Guy Logiest yabaye Résident udasanzwe w’u Bubiligi mu Rwanda ndetse na ambasaderi wa mbere w’icyo gihugu mu Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge. Uyu yaje avuye muri Congo, aza azanye n’abasirikare bafite gahunda yo guhosha imvururu zari mu Rwanda.

Aho guhosha imvururu cyane cyane gutabara Abatutsi batwikirwaga n’abarwanashyaka ba Pamerhutu n’andi mashyaka nka Aprosoma ya Gitera Joseph, ahubwo yabatije umurindi.

Mu Ugushyingo 1959 ubwo Logiest yari amaze kugirwa Résident udasanzwe w’u Bubiligi mu Rwanda, abantu ba mbere yahuye nabo ni Kayibanda na Musenyeri Perraudin. Icyo gihe bemeranyije ‘guhangana mu maguru mashya n’akarengane kari kibasiye abahutu’ nkuko biri mu gitabo ‘Toute ma vie pour vous, mes freres’, cya Baudouin Paternostre de La Mairieu.

Col Logiest amaze kuba Reizda w'u Rwanda, aho gutabara Abatutsi bameneshwaga na Parmehutu n'andi mashyaka y'Abahutu, yabongereye imbaraga

Logiest nyuma yaje kwandika ko amaze guhura na Kayibanda, yishimiye ko bwa mbere abonye ‘umunyarwanda uvugisha ukuri kandi ugira urugwiro’.

Yahise ashyiraho itsinda ry’abasirikare bihariye bo kurinda Kayibanda ngo umutekano we udahungabanywa. Aha Kayibanda uretse kuba umuyobozi w’ishyaka Parmehutu, nta wundi murimo yari afite mu miyoborere y’igihugu.

Col Logiest hashize iminsi ahamagaza abayobozo icumi ba teritwari z’u Rwanda, abacyurira ko ntacyo bakora ngo bahagarike akarengane abahutu bakorerwa.

Logiest yabategetse ko “bagenda imyanya yose y’abashefu n’aba-sushefu itarimo abantu muri teritwari igahabwa Abahutu”.

Mu minsi mike yakurikiyeho, Abashefu 26 muri 45 bari mu Rwanda bari abahutu, abasushefu 326 muri 544 bari Abahutu.

Logiest yavuze ko byamworohereje akazi ko kugarura ituze mu gihugu kuba iyo myanya y’ubuyobozi yarayihaye Abahutu kurusha uko byari kugenda iyo aza kuyiha Abatutsi.

Muri abo bahawe imyanya mishya hari harimo n’abayobozi ba Parmehutu, ibintu byaboroheye gucengeza amatwara yabo mu baturage nta rutangira.

Uyu ni we wafashije Kayibanda na Parmehutu gutegura inama yahiritse ubwami i Gitarama mu 1960, aho Logiest yivugiye ko bajyaga barara amajoro bvategura iyo nama, akaba ari na we watanze imodoka n’ibikoresho byifashishijwe ngo abayoboke ba Parmehutu bahurire muri stade i Gitarama.

Ibi byose Logiest yakoraga, yabifashwagamo na Jean Paul Harroy, wari Guverineri wa Ruanda-Urundi.

Ubwami bumaze gucibwa mu Rwanda, Kayibanda na Parmehutu bahembye u Bubiligi kubw’akazi keza babakoreye babafasha kwikiza ubwami, aho muri Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho y’abaminisitiri 9 n’abanyamabanga ba Leta 12 yagiyeho, hari harimo Ababiligi icyenda.

Kuva icyo gihe Ababiligi bakomeje gushyigiira politiki Kayibanda yagenderagaho ndetse na Juvenal Habyarimana wamusimbuye, ko igihugu ari icy’Abahutu, ko Abatutsi nta ruhare bagifitemo kugeza batsembwe mu 1994.

Guverineri Harroy nubwo yabaga i Bujumbura, mu gihe cya Parmehutu n'imvururu zibasiya Abatutsi mu 1959, ibyemezo byose by'icyakorwaga mu Rwanda n'u Burundi ni we wabihaga umugisha