Ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1994 kwigaragajemo ibimenyetso by’uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yategurwaga.
Imbunda nka za Kalashnikov, amasasu na za gerenade, byakwizwaga mu baturage b’Abahutu nijoro n’umunsi biherekejwe na za genade. Hamwe bagahabwa imipanga n’ibindi bikoresho. Abashishoza babonaga ko inzira u Rwanda rwaganaga yari mu mwijima.
Usibye izo zatanzwe hiyongeragaho intwaro gakondo, amacumu n’imyambi, abaturage babaga bafite.
Imyigaragambyo y’Interahamwe zambaye imyenda yazo n’amashara, zinaganitse ku mamodoka biziritseho, ubwicanyi bwabo mu gihugu, yari integuza.
Mugenzi n’ikinyoma cya RTLM
Abakoraga ayo mahano birumvikana ko batashakaga kwemera ko bari mu migambi mibisha. Ku itariki ya 28 Ukuboza 1993, radiyo RTLM yazindutse yamagana umunyamakuru wa radiyo Rwanda Mugenzi Ally Yusufu (uyu usigaye ari kuri BBC).
Bati “Ee... Bwana Mugenzi Ali Yusuf watubeshyeye rwose, wabeshyeye RTLM uvuga ngo iyi radiyo yigenga ari iya MRND na CDR. Ee... ndakeka ko utasobanukiwe neza, usabwe rero guhita hano vuba vuba bakakwereka liste y’abantu bari muri iyi sosiyete (société), urasanga ari abantu b’amashyaka yose, b’amoko yose, n’uturere twose ... ni radiyo y’Abanyarwanda bose n’abanyamahanga n’abandi bantu bose bashaka ko demokarasi yatera imbere muri iki gihugu.”
Abo banyamakuru ba RTLM bayiburaniye bavuga ko ngo nta kongere n’imwe ya MRND cyangwa CDR yigeze iterana ngo ivuge ko igiye gushyiraho radiyo.
Muri icyo kiganiro bashinje Mugenzi ko ari umunyakinyoma nka Minisitiri w’Intebe, Agatha Uwiringiyimana ngo kuko yigeze kuvuga ko RTLM ari iya Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal.
Ikinyoma cyari icya RTLM yashatse kwemeza abantu ko abanyamigabane bayo bari mu mashyaka yose no mu moko yose. Abazi RTLM n’abanyamigabane yayo ba mbere, bari abo muri MRND na CDR gusa. Iyo radiyo ntiyari kujyamo Umututsi kandi gahunda yayo yari ukuzabarimbura.
Muri icyo kiganiro, RTLM yagarutse ku rwango “Interahamwe” zangaga abasirikare b’Ababiligi, ko ingabo zari mu mutwe wa MINUAR zidakwiye gucunga aho intwaro z’abasirikare ba FAR n’interahamwe zihishe. Muri icyo kiganiro bakanerekana imyiteguro y’intambara no kwica amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha.
RTLM iti: “Tuzi neza ko FPR mu ntego zayo yo yishakira intambara, naho twe turasinziriye ngo amahoro yarabonetse. Ari he se? Rwose niba koko ibyo mvuze ari ko bimeze mwatubwira ... mwatubwira tukitahira muri komine cyangwa tugahungira ahandi aho kwicwa nk’ibikeri, twari dufite intwaro zacu. Ariko icyizere mufitiye Ababiligi mukivana he? Muzi neza ko kuva intambara yatangira, igitangira FPR yafashijwe n’Ababiligi ku buryo bugaragara. FPR yo izarinda abategetsi bayo, kuki twe tutakwirinda kandi tukarinda n’abategetsi bacu, noneho MINUAR yo ikareba gusa abarenga ku masezerano, aho kugaragaza nta n’ukwezi kurashira ko bari kumwe na FPR bakoresha amayeri agaragara yo kudufatanya. Tubasabye rero kwiga icyo kibazo ku buryo bwihutirwa naho ubundi twaba tumeze nk’abana batagira icyo bazi. Ariko ibyabereye i Burundi nta n’icyumweru murabyibagiwe? Muyobewe amayeri y’ Abatutsi...”
Ibyakorwaga nyuma, nk’uko twagiye tubibagezaho, ni ibintu byari kuri gahunda. Iki kiganiro cyahise umunsi abayobozi b’ Inkotanyi bavuye ku Mulindi bakinjira i Kigali baje gushyiraho inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’inzibacyuho.
Ibyo ntabwo byashimishaga Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi. RTLM yarabigaragaje ivuga ngo “ I Kigali Abatutsi bamwe biyemeje ko bazafata ibicuba bagashyiramo amata, abandi bagafata ingoma bakajya Nyacyonga, kubera ko bari ku isiri, bavugana nyine..., bafite ukuntu bavugana, bati “turajya kwakira abo bana bacu, tubajyanire amata, tuvuze ingoma, binjire mu mujyi n’ishema n’isheja, berekana ko batsinze”...Ibyo bintu rero ntabwo ari ko mu masezerano twasinye Arusha bimeze.”
Iyi mvugo irumvikana aho yaganishaga. Nta kwishimira amahoro yari yarashyizweho umukono kandi agomba gushyirwa mu ngiro. Ivangura riri muri iyo mvugo ntiryihishira.
Abasirikare ba FAR bareze Habyarimana
Kunaniza ishyirwa mu bikorwa kw’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha, byari byaravuzwe n’abasirikare bakuru muri FAR mu rwandiko bandikiye Romeo Dallaire ku wa 3 Ukuboza 1993.
Abo basirikare barimo Col. Rusatira Leonidas na Lt. Col Rutayisire Laurent, bashingiye ku bwicanyi bwari bumaze kubera muri Ngenda (Kigali-Ngari), Mutura (Gisenyi) na Kirambo.
Bavuze ko bwari ubwicanyi bukorwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana, kandi buzaba n’ahandi henshi mu gihugu hatuye Abatutsi benshi. Abo basirikare basobanuye ko ubwo bwicanyi n’imvururu byari bigamije kwica amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano bityo Inkotanyi zikananirwa kubyihanganira nkuko zabikoze muri Gashyantare 1993.
Muri uwo mugambi mubisha abanyapolitiki Twagiramungu Faustin na Gatabazi Félicien n’abandi bagombaga kwicwa. Kandi koko Gatabazi wari umunyamabanga w’ishyaka PSD yarishwe na Twagiramungu akizwa n’Inkotanyi.
Iby’ubu bwicanyi n’inzego z’ubutasi za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari zibizi, ariko zigasanga bubaye hashobora kuzapfa nk’abantu barenga 500,000. Ibyo byose bakaba barabimenye mbere, n’aho bibereye bakanga gutabara.
Inkotanyi zihura na MRND
Ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 1994, Jacques Roger Booh-Booh yandikiye Koffi Annan raporo amumenyesha ko intumwa za FPR-Inkotanyi zahuye n’iza MRND ku cyicaro cya MINUAR cya Kigali.
Iyo nama yayobowe na Booh-Booh nk’umuhuza, yari yifujwe na MRND, mu ntumwa zayo hazamo abayobozi bakuru b’iryo shyaka. Hari Mathieu Ngirumpatse (Perezida wa MRND), Edouard Karemera, Ferdinand Kabagema na Joseph Nzirorera. Uko ari bane nibo bari abayobozi bakuru ba MRND.
Intumwa za FPR zarimo Patrick Mazimhaka(yari Visi-perezida wa FPR), Tito Rutaremara na Seth Sendashonga.
Ngo iyo nama itangira, MRND yasaga nk’aho ishaka indi mishyikirano. Intumwa za FPR ziyobowe na Mazimhaka zibabwira ko imishyikirano yarangiye hagati ya FPR na Leta y’u Rwanda bikavamo amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yasinywe ku wa 4 Kanama 1993.
Nk’uko byaje kugaragara MRND yari yifuje ko haba igisa n’imishyikirano. Ariko nk’uko Mazimhaka na Rutaremara babimbwiye vuba aha mbabajije iby’iyo nama, MRND yifuje iyo nama ngo iburanire CDR kugira ngo yemererwe kujya mu nzego za leta y’inzibacyuho. Byaranze kuko impamvu zatumaga itemererwa zitavuyeho kandi ziri muri na gahunda ya MRND.
Umuhuza, Booh-Booh avuga ko iyo nama yabaye umwanya wo kumenyana, iba n’umwanya FPR yakoresheje kubwira MRND ko yatezaga imvururu mu gihugu. MRND, birumvikana yarabihakanye.
Intumwa za MRND uko ari enye, uretse Kabagema abandi bose bakurikiranywe n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga (ICTR) bashinjwa uruhare bagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ngirumpatse na Karemera barakatiwe, Nzirorera apfa atarakatirwa.
Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, 29 Mutarama, hiriweho ibiganiro muri RTLM byibasira FPR na MINUAR ariko bica amarenga ko gahunda y’aba-PAWA bategura ubwicanyi. Muri ibyo bikorwa hakaba harimo no kwibasira abasirikare b’ababiligi bari muri MINUAR nk’uko twakomeje kubyandika.
Abo babililigi bari baratangiye kubona ko abasirikare ba bamwe mu bihugu byari muri MINUAR batakoraga akazi kabo uko bikwiye. Kuwa 30 Mutarama, Col. Luc Marchal wayoboraga ingabo z’Ababirigi yandikiye Dallaire amubwira ko bitangaje kubona hafashwe imbunda icyenda gusa ku marondo y’igenzura arenze 1,200 na za bariyeri zo gusaka 306.
Urwango ku Babiligi rwageze aho Radio Rwanda na RTLM bitangaza ko hari umusirikare w’Umubiligi washatse kwica umusederi Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza. Barayagwiza yari mu bayobozi bakuru ba CDR.
Ku wa 31 Mutarama, RTLM yavuze ko igihe kigeze cyo kwibasira abasirikare b’ababiligi. Uwo munsi ku cyicaro gikuru cya MINUAR i Remera, hatewe gerenade. Nubwo ntawe yishe ikimenyetso cy’ibihe cyari gitanzwe.
Leta yari ikennye
Perezida Habyarimana yemera kurahira ku iariki ya 5 Mutarama 1994, birashoboka ko bitatewe no gushaka gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Ibi bigaragara mu makuru yatanzwe n’ Ambasade y’Abanyamerika i Kigali babwira Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’amahanga y’iwabo kuwa 28 Ukuboza 1993.
Uwari Umuyobozi w’Ibiro bya Perezida Habyarimana, Enoch Ruhigira, ngo yavuganye na Ambasaderi w’Ababiligi, Johan Swinnen , amubwira ko kujyaho ku inzego byari inzibacyuho byari ngombwa kubera impamvu zitabaturutseho.
Icya mbere ni uko igihugu cyari gifite ibibazo by’amafaranga kandi amahanga akaba yarashakaga ko avugana na Leta ishingiye kuri Arusha.
Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kagombaga guhura ku itariki ya 5 Mutarama 1994 kandi bagafatira u Rwanda imyanzuro. Uyu ni nawo munsi Perezida Habyarimana yarahiye.
Ikindi ni uko Banki y’isi na IMF byagombaga guhura kuwa 15 Mutarama kandi ibyo bigo by’imari bikaba byarashakaga kuzavugana na leta bishingiye kuri Arusha. Kuwa 27 Ukuboza, Inkotanyi ziraye ziribusesekare i Kigali, Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda yari yakwije ubutumwa mu badipolomate ko umuhango wo kurahira ari ku wa 29 Ukuboza.
Iyo raporo y’Abanyamerika yanavuze ku kibazo cy’umutekano. Bakurikije amakuru bari bahawe n’Ababiligi, ku Gisenyi bari batangiye kuhakwiza imbunda. Ngo Burugumesitiri wa komini Kanama yari yahawe izirenga ijana zirimo into n’inini. Amaze guhabwa izo ntwaro, Burugumesitiri yahise aziha abakonseye ayobora.
Kugira ngo umenye Imvo n’imvano ya Jenoside yabereye mu Rwanda, kurikira Umuhamya w’Amateka (Témoin de l’histoire) ku kuri blog: http://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/
TANGA IGITEKEREZO