Nk’uko tubikesha igitabo “Umuco mu Buvanganzo”, cyanditswe n’umusizi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu, igihango, ni amahame ngengamitekerereze na ngengamigenzereze, abakurambere bashyizemo imitsindo yo kubanisha Abanyarwanda mu mibereho izira icyasha.

Igihango mu muco w’Abanyarwanda, kigizwe n’imihango y’urwunge ikubiyemo ibikorwa bya magara ntunsige, ababikoranye bakazabana ubudatandukana, bikaba mu maraso yabo ubuziraherezo. Ibyo bihango, abakurambere mpangarwanda bari barabikagiriyemo imbaraga zihambaye ku buryo ubirenzeho, bimusama.

Gusama umuntu kw’igihango mu bakigiranye ni ukumwica akavaho, cyangwa akagibwaho n’umuvumo n’ibyorezo bitandukanye.

Ibyo Abanyarwanda babyemeraga nk’ihame ntakuka, kandi koko bikababera uko babyemeraga. Uwaramukaga arenze ku masezerano yagiranye n’undi, igihango cyaramusamaga agapfa. Ibyo byarushagaho gutuma Abanyarwanda baziririza umugenzo wo guhana igihango, kandi bakanawukunda kuko wabafashaga guhamya ubwizerane hagati yabo.

Mu bihango by’Abanyarwanda, ibizwi neza bigera kuri bitanu.

Igihango cyo Guterekera
Igihango cyo guterekera, ni igihango gifite umuzi mu mateka y’isi, kuko nta shyanga ribaho ridaterekera mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi. Guterekera ni ukwibuka abakurambere b’Intwari babayeho mu muryango nyarwanda.

Ni umurimo wahuzaga, abariho n’abakurambere babo batakiriho (Abazimu n’Abazima) mu rwego rwo kubibuka. Mu guterekera, hibukwaga Intwari z’abakurambere gusa, nta bigwari byaterekerwaga. Amateka yacyo akaba abimburira kuri Gihanga cyahanze u Rwanda.

Umuhango wo guterekera washyizwe mu bihango by’Abanyarwanda, kubera ko uduhambirira mu murage twasigiwe n’abakurambere mpangarwanda batakiriho, utuma tuba icyo turi cyo, ntitube icyo tutari cyo mu mahanga atuzengurutse, tukanawubakiraho u Rwanda twifuza. Iyo uterekera, uba ushimangira igihango-murage w’ingeri nyinshi wagiranye n’abakurambere bo mu muryango mugari uyu n’uyu ukomokamo.

Igihango cyo tuterekera, kiba hagati y’Abanyarwanda bariho n’ababo batakiriho. Mu rwego rwo kubaha agaciro no kuzirikana ibyiza bagejeje ku miryango ya bo n’igihugu muri rusange.

Igihango cyo guhana abageni no gushyingirana

Igihango cyo guhana abageni no gushyingirana, ni igihango cya kera na kare mu muco n’amateka y’u Rwanda. Ni na cyo gikuru mu bihango byose Abanyarwanda bagiranaga. Igihango cyo guhana abageni, ni igihango imiryango yashyingiranywe yahanaga ubwo yemeraga gutanga umukobwa wo ngo abe umugore mu w’undi muryango. Mu gihe abandi bemeraga gutanga umuhungu wa bo ngo ashyingiranywe n’umukobwa wo mu w’undi mu ryango.

Iki gihango kirakomeye, kuko kiva mu miryango yahanye abageni, kigafata no ku bashyingiranywe ubwabo. Kurongorana k’umugore n’umugabo, ni igihango gikomeye kidasaza kugeza ku myaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbagiza, kuko gikomereza ku rubyaro rwabo.

Igihango cyo guhana Inka

Igihango cyo guhana Inka, ni kimwe mu bihango by’Abanyarwanda bimaze igihe kirekire, kuko cyahanganywe n’u Rwanda. Igihango cyo guhana Inka, ni igihango cyaremwe na Gihanga ahasaga mu wa 1100, ubwo yashyiraga Inka mu bigomba kwifashishwa mu mushinga wo kubaka u Rwanda cyane cyane mu gisata cy’Ububanyi n’amahanga.

Muri ibyo bihe, ni bwo Gihanga yaremye gahunda yitwaga “Gabirwa” yari igamije guteza imbere ubworozi bw’Inka no kuzigaba. Haherewe ku bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda byari bitaratera imbere ku bworozi bw’Inka nk’u Buliza n’u Bwanacyambwe.

Mu guhana igihango n’Inka kw’Abanyarwanda, byatumye ihabwa imimaro irenze iyo yari ifite mu muco n’amateka y’u Rwanda.

Inka yarenze kuba itungo ryororwa ngo ritange ifumbire n’ amata, inyama n’impu zo kwambara, ihinduka n’igikoresho cya Politiki y’Ububanyi n’amahanga, Imibereho myiza y’abaturage, Ubukungu, n’umutekano.

Igihango cyo guhana Inka, ni kimwe mu bihango u Rwanda rwasangiraga n’amahanga kimwe no gushyingirana.
Igihango cyo guhana Inka, cyabanzirizwaga n’uko buri Munyarwanda na we agomba guhana igihango n’Inka kugira ngo zimukundire abashe kuzorora zororoke. Hanyuma umutunzi w’amashyo n’amagana, akaba yayifatiraho agirana igihango n’abandi.
Igihango cyo kugabirana Inka kiba hagati y’Umunyarwanda n’Inka, igihugu cye, umunyarwanda mugenzi we, umunyamahanga ukunda u Rwanda n’igihugu cye.

Igihango cyo kunywana

Mu bihango nshimangira-Bumwe, ubudahemuka n’urukundo y’Abanyarwanda, habagamo n’igihango cyo kunywana, ari byo bakunze kwita ‘Guca ku nda’. Ni umugenzo wakorwaga n’abantu babiri cyangwa se barenze, byo gushaka kugaragaza ko bazakundana bakabana mu mubano uzira igihemu.

Igihango cyo kunywana cyaba gifite ikirari cy’inkomoko ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rugwe ahasaga mu wa 1345. Cyilima Rugwe ahanga uwo mugenzo, yashakaga kurema u Rwanda ruzira icyaha n’icyasha. U Rwanda rutarangwamo abanyabyaha n’abakora ibisa na byo.

Mu guhana igihango cyangwa se kunywana, buri muntu mu bifuza kunywana, yicaga indasago ku nda, undi agafata amaraso ahavuye akayanywa, n’undi akabigenza atyo. Mu kunywa ayo maraso hari magambo y’indahiro baturiranaga hagati ya bo, aho bagiraga bati “Ndahiye imbere y’imana y’i Rwanda ko ntazatatira igihango tugiranye, ningitatira kizansame”.
Usibye no kunywana igihango kw’Abanyarwanda hagati ya bo, Umunyarwanda yashoboraga no kukinywera igihugu cye, akiyemeza kugipfira.

Igihango cyo kubandwa Imana
Abantu benshi, bibaza umumaro nyawo w’umuhango wo kubandwa Imana, byakorwaga mu Rwanda rwo hambere. Imandwa ni zo zari zishyigikiye idini gakondo, kubandwa kwari ukugaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ubuyoboke, hakabamo imigenzo ihuza abantu n’Imana, ikanahuriza Abanyarwanda mu rukundo n’ubutwererane.

Abantu bumvaga ko hari icyo bagomba kwizera. Nk’uko kubatizwa by’iki gihe, na byo ari ukugaragaza ubuyoboke mu idini wahisemo. Ni umuhango wakorwaga ugamije kwimakaza ubumana n’ubumuntu mu Banyarwanda.

Kubandwa, ni umuhango wadutse ku ngoma ya Ruganzu Ndoli, utangizwa ku ngoma y’umuhungu we Mutara Nsoro Semugeshi. Ni umuhango wari ugamije kwimakaza ubumana n’ubumuntu, nyuma y’uko ibikomangoma byo kwa Gahima birwaniye ingoma, Ndahiro Cyamatare akahagwa, u Rwanda rukarara nze imyaka isaga 11.

Aho Ndoli abundukiye ava i Karagwe k’Abahinda, ni bwo yahuye na Ryangombe rya Babinga mwene Nyundo mu Bufumbira, baganira byinshi kugeza ubwo atangije n’umuhango wo Kubandwa wari ufite intego yo gusubiza ku murongo imibereho n’imibanire y’Abanyarwanda, yasenyutse.

Imigenzo isobetse yakorwaga mu muhango wo kubandwa Imana, ni yo yatumaga urushaho gukomera no gushinga imizi mu mitima y’Abanyarwanda.

Ibihango biboneka mu mibanire y’Abanyarwanda, ni byo byafashije u Rwanda kwiyubaka no kwihaza uburame. Bituma imanza nyinshi zirangirizwa mu miryango abayobozi bagahugira mu gutekereza iby’iterambere n’umutekano, aho guhora bicaye mu nteko baca imanza.

Guterekera no kubandwa ni bimwe mu bihango abanyarwanda bari barashimangiye mu buzima bwabo