Ikinyarwanda nk’ururimi gifite amagambo n’inyito bisobanuye byinshi mu buzima. Amwe mu magambo ariko, agenda acika cyangwa imikoresherezwe yayo igashishana, bitewe n’uburyo yakoreshejwe mu bihe binyuranye by’amateka yaranze u Rwanda, ku mpamvu za politiki.

Amwe mu magambo yangijwe n’imikoresherezwe yayo muri politiki

Interahamwe

Ijambo”Interahamwe” riza ku isonga mu magambo yari asanzwe afite igisobanuro cyiza mu Kinyarwanda, ariko ubu abenshi bakaba batinya kuba mu mubare w’abahabwa iyo nyito.

Interahamwe ni ijambo ry’inyunge, rigizwe n’amagambo abiri (Gutera-hamwe). Bitandukanye cyane n’igisobanuro cyatanzwe na bamwe mu banditsi n’abasesenguzi nyuma ya 1994, aho bavugaga ko Interahamwe bivuze abatera hamwe byo kugaba igitero (Ceux qui attaquent ensemble/ Those who attack together), siko biri uretse ko kuba ryarakoreshejwe muri Politiki byaryatse umwimerere waryo.

Interahamwe ni abashyize hamwe, ni abahuriza hamwe umugambi, abahuza intego n’intumbero, ni abatahiriza umugozi umwe.

Mu mwaka wa 1992, incabwenge Matayo Ngirumpatse (wateguraga imbwirwaruhame za Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana, akaba yaranayoboye ishyaka/ubwato MRND, yabaye kandi Umuyobozi Ushinzwe iby’Ububanyi n’amahanga muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika), yise urubyiruko rwa MRND “Interahamwe”, anatanga birambuye isobanurampamvu y’iri zina, n’icyo urwo rubyiruko rwari rutegerejweho mu rugamba igihugu cyari gifite rw’ibitero byaturukaga hanze, n’urwo MRND yari ihanganyemo n’amashyaka atavuga rumwe nayo imbere mu gihugu. Urubyiruko rwa MRND rwaherewe iri zina ahasigaye ubu ari ingoro n’icyicaro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Interahamwe za MRND

Nyamabuye: Kwitiranwa n’Interahamwe byabateje igihombo gikomeye

Muri Nyamabuye yahoze ari Komini y’Umujyi (Perefegitura Gitarama), hahoze ishyirahamwe ryakoraga ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, ryitwaga “Koperative Interahamwe za Nyamabuye”. Iyi Koperative yiswe ityo ku mpamvu zidafite na gato aho zihuriye na politiki, ahubwo zifatiye ku bisobanuro nyirizina by’ijambo “Interahamwe”. Ryiteje imbere rigira n’amafaranga agaragara, nk’imwe muri koperative zari zihagaze neza icyo gihe, kandi ritari rifite aho rihuriye n’ibikorwa bya politiki.

Nyuma ya 1994, bake bari bakiriho bashatse kubikuza amafaranga atubutse bari bafite muri Banki, habura n’umwe ubasha guhingutsa ko yari umwe mu banyamuryango b’Interahamwe za Nyamabuye. Baheze mu gihirahiro, igihe kiragera abashize amanga bageza ikibazo kuri Nyandwi Désiré wari Perefe wa Gitarama, biranga biragorana kubera izina rikanganye.

Ikibazo cyagejejwe kandi kuri Komisiyo y’igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (CNDP) gikomeza kuba agatereranzamba.

Mperutse kunyarukirayo (ubu ni i Muhanga) ngo mbaze niba barashyize bakabona amafaranga yabo, ariko navuyeyo nta n’umwe wongeye kumpingukiriza ko yahoze ari “Interahamwe ya Nyamabuye”, ndetse n’abo nigeze kumenya mbere banteye umugongo.

Impuzamugambi

Impuzamugambi ni izina ryahawe urubyiruko rwa CDR. Igisobanuro cyaryo ntikiri kure y’icy’Interahamwe, kuko impuzamugambi naryo risobanuye abahuje icyerekezo kandi basangiye intumbero. Nubwo magingo aya hariho amashyirahamwe yitwa “Abahuzamugambi”, “Abahujumugambi” n’andi, nta shyirahamwe na rimwe ryigeze ryitwa “Impuzamugambi” nyuma ya 1994.

Barayagwiza J. Bosco, Ngeze Hassan. Uvuga ni Bucyana Martin, Perezida w'Impuzamugambi za CDR

Amajyojyi

Amajyojyi: ( “Ijyojyi nyine” Nk’uko byajyaga bivugwa na Muzehe Twagiramungu Faustin) ni izina ryahawe urubyiruko rwa MDR, bashakaga gusobanura urubyiruko rufite ingufu kandi rusobanutse (bright and vibrant youth). Muri mitingi imwe, Dr Murego Donat yigeze kuvuga ko “Amajyojyi ari urubyiruko rutari ingoroji”

Nubwo iri zina “Amajyojyi” rizwi na bake, kandi “ijyojyi” rikaba ari ijambo ry’Ikinyarwanda ribasha no kwifashishwa mu bindi, magingo aya risa n’iritagikoreshwa.

Inzirabwoba

Inzirabwoba ni ijambo-nyunge bisobanuye kudakangika, kudahungabanywa n’ibihinda. Iri zina risobanuye kuzira ubwoba byo kutagira ubwoba (nk’uko bavuga kuzira umuze/inziramuze), bitandukanye n’ibyo bamwe bitiranya no kugwa mu kaga watewe no kugira ubwoba bwinshi (Nk’aho wakavuze ngo yazize ubwoba).

Inzirabwoba ku rugamba

Iyi nyito ntigikoreshwa, kuko aho ivuzwe hose humvikana abahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda (Forces Armées Rwandaises) zacyuye igihe (Ex-FAR).

Inyenzi

Mu Kinyarwanda inyenzi ni udukoko duto tuguruka, turya imyenda n’ibindi bimwe na bimwe biba mu nzu. Ikoreshwa nabi ry’iri jambo ryatumye abantu batagitinyuka mu buryo bworoshye kwita utwo dukoko mu izina ryatwo, ahubwo bakadutazira “Ibinyenzi”.

Inyenzi nk’umutwe w’ingabo, ni izina ryamenyekanye mu Rwanda ahagana 1963, ubwo impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zashatse gutaha zirwana, zikagaba ibitero zinyuze mu Birunga, mu Bweyeye n’ahandi.

Umwe mu Nyenzi Nkuru, Aloys Ngurumbe, avuga ko ijambo inyenzi yarihanze nk’umutwe w’abarwanyi, ahereye ku mutwe w’ingabo zitwaga Ingangurarugo zabayeho ku ngoma y’Umwami w’Indwanyi, Kigeli IV Rwabugili.

Ngurumbe yafashe iryo zina Ingangurarugo yongeraho andi abiri arema izina-nteruro yise: INgangurarugo Yiyemeje kuba ingENZI, ari naho havuye impine “Inyenzi”.

Mu mwaka wa 1990, ibitero bya FPR-Inkotanyi byibukije ibyo mu myaka ya 1963 na 1967, bituma bamwe bazitiranya n’Inyenzi bavuga ko zagarutse nyuma y’imyaka myinshi. Abiswe inyenzi cyangwa ibyitso byazo bahuye n’uruva gusenya, benshi muri bo bahasiga ubuzima, bituma iri jambo riba iciro ry’umugani, na n’ubu kwitwa inyenzi hari ababyumva bakababwa.

Ubuyanja

Ubuyanja ni ijambo ry’Ikinyarwanda ritagira irindi ririgwa mu ntege, ritagira iririsimbura, ritagira iryo binganya ireme n’uburemere mu gusobanura icyo rihagarariye.

“Kugarura ubuyanja” ni ukuzanzamuka, ni ugusubiza agatima impembero, ni ugusubira ibumuntu, ni ukongera kubaho, ni ugusubizwamo intege k’uwatentebutse.

Kuva aho Pasteur Bizimungu wahoze ari Perezida wa Repubulika ashingiye ishyaka akaryita PDR – Ubuyanja (mu mwaka wa 2002), nubwo ritamaze iminsi, ijambo “ubuyanja” ryahise rifatwa na bamwe nk’iryangiritse, batangira kurisimbuza “Gutora mitende” (Ikirundi), kugarura akabaraga, n’ibindi biritesha agaciro. Ugiye kurikoresha mu Rwanda imbere, abanza gukebaguza ko ntawe uri bumwumve akumvumva cyangwa akumvirana.

Abatabazi

Mu mateka y’u Rwanda izina “Umutabazi” ryari ryubashywe cyane, dore ko hari n’umwami wiyise “Cyitatire cya Mutabazi”. Umutabazi yabaga ari umuntu ugana urugamba atimirije imbere gutaha ari mutaraga; ni uwemeraga gutanga amaraso ye kugira ngo abe babeho amahoro, ni uwemeraga gutakaza ubuzima bwe kugira ngo abe barokoke.

Muribuka ibya Robwa Nyiramateke (Ahayingayinga mu mwaka wa1400), wemeye kuba umutabazi, agapfira u Rwanda, kugira ngo umwami abeho n’igihugu kigumane umuzi wacyo.

Inyito “Abatabazi” yakoreshejwe n’abayobozi ba Leta yagiyeho nyuma y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana, bagasaba na buri Munyarwanda kuba Umutabazi (Bahereye ku bisobanuro nyirizina by’ijambo), dore ko na Perezida Dr Sindikubwabo Théodore yivugiye ati: “Urugamba turwana ni urwa nyuma, n’iyo twarugwaho duharanire ko abo twabyaye n’ababyiruka bazabaho neza, batikanga intambara.”

Magingo aya, iri jambo nta handi rigikoreshwa, uretse mu mateka y’ababaye abatabazi b’igihugu, no mu Isabato y’Abatabazi (ku Badiventisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi.) Cyakora Abadiventisiti ntibagikoresha ijambo “Umutwe” nk’aho bavugaga kujya mu mitwe (amatsinda yo kwigira hamwe amigisho / ibyigisho by’ishuri ryo ku Isabato)

Abacengezi

Ijambo “Umucengezi” ryakoreshejwe mu mwanya utari uwaryo, kuko umucengezi ni ucengeza, naho ucengera akitwa “Umucengeri”. aba Bacengeri binjiriraga impugu z’amahanga zabaga zifitanye amahari n’u Rwanda, bagatata bakamenya ibyazo, byaba ngombwa bakanagira urugamba baharwana, kenshi hakaba ubwo bahasigaga ubuzima. Imibereho n’imikorere y’umucengeri cyangwa umutabazi ihuye ijana ku ijana n’iya "Kamikaze" wa none.

Gucengera ni imwe mu nzira z’ibanze zakoreshwaga n’Abatabazi, bitangiye igihugu (reba igisobanuro kimaze gutangwa hejuru). Kuva ijambo Abacengezi ryarakoreshejwe uko ritari, rigakoreshwa n’abacengera bateye igihugu kavukire cyabo, naryo risigaye rikanganye, kuko ntawe utinyuka kuryitwa cyangwa kuryiyita kabone n’aho yaba afite ubutwari n’ubushobozi bw’abitwaga Abacengeri nyirizina.

Impirimbanyi

Bahoze ari abasaza b’abarwanashyaka ba MDR, bakitwa “Impirimbanyi za Demokarasi” Bitandukanye na rwa rubyiruko rwa MDR, rwitwaga “Amajyojyi”. Nubwo ijambo Impirimbanyi ryakoreshejwe cyane mbere ya 1962, ryongeye kumvikana ahagana 1991, ubwo MDR yavukaga ubwa kabiri. N’ikinyamakuru cy’iri shyaka cyitwaga “Impirimbanyi ya Demokarasi”.

Guhirimbana ni ugukotana, ni ukurwana inkundura, ni ukudatezuka ku byo urimo, ni ukudasubira inyuma.

Kugaruka mu ruhando kw’ijambo "Impirimbanyi” byagarukanye n’indirimbo z’Abanyuramatwi, zakoreshwaga mu Kiganiro cya MDR cyatambutswaga kuri Radio y’igihugu buri wa Gatatu (19h45).

Gusa iri jambo ryo riracyakoreshwa hamwe na hamwe, ariko ntirigikoreshwa nk’uko ryahoze aho buri wese yabaga yaterwa ishema no kubyitwa.

Inyito zabaye ikibazo mu gihe runaka

Zirahari nyinshi, ariko dufatemo imwe, nk’ijambo “Inkotanyi” riva ku nshinga gukotana, bisobanuye kimwe no guhirimbana (reba igisobanuro hejuru).

Iri jambo ryabaye ikibazo gikomeye hagati ya 1990 na 1994, ubwo Ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi zafataga iri zina ryahoranywe n’Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili witwaga “Inkotanyi cyane”. Kuba Inkotanyi zarafatwaga nk’abanzi b’igihugu hagati ya 1990 – 1994, byatumye zitwa Inyangarwanda, bityo kwitwa iryo zina mu gihugu imbere byari ukugusha ishyano.

Amagambo yabaye Inkirirahato

Hari andi magambo yabaye ikibazo mu kanya gato, nyuma agasubirana ireme ryayo.

Itara

Itara ryavutse nk’itsinda ritagaragara (Invisible Network), ryitwa rityo nk’Urumuri rwacanywe n’abahoze muri MDR nyuma yo guseswa kw’iri shyaka. Ifumba y’iri tara yakongerejwe ku Gikongoro, hagamijwe ko urwo rumuri rukwira igihugu cyose. Cyakora iri tara ryazimye hakiri kare, nubwo ryakangaranyije bamwe.

Iyo "Itara" rigera ku ntego zayo, biragoye kwiyumvisha ijambo ryari kurisimbura, nko gucana itara, kugura amatara, ... Ese hari kuba hakoreshwa irihe?

Amizero

ADP Amizero ni ishyaka ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2003 na Célestin Kabanda wahoze muri MDR, witeguraga kwiyamamariza umwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika. Iri shyaka ntiryatinze, kuko ritigeze ryemerwa n’amategeko. Ariko mu gihe cyaryo ijambo “Amizero" ryari riteye amakenga, ku buryo bamwe mu bagize Chorale Amizero bari batangiye kwiga ku buryo bahindura izina, ngo batazava aho bitiranwa n’umutwe wa politiki badasangiye inyungu n’icyerekezo.

Abacunguzi

Umucunguzi ni ijambo ryubashywe cyane n’abanyamadini, kuko bafata Yesu/Yezu nk’umucunguzi w’abantu bose.

Ubwo FDLR FOCA yafataga inyito Abacunguzi, bamwe mu bavugabutumwa n’abapasiteri bahise batangira kwirinda gukoresha iryo jambo.

Bishop umwe wo muri Restoration Church yadutangarije ko kuva icyo gihe bari batangiye gusaba abashumba n’abapasitoro kujya bakoresha gusa ijambo umukiza mu gihe bashaka kuvuga umucunguzi.

Amagambo yahinduye icyerekezo

Muri iki gihe, hari amwe mu magambo agenda ahindurirwa icyo asobanuye bitewe n’imikoresherezwe.

Ingengabitekerezo

Ni ijambo rivuga umurongo ugenga imyumvire n’imitekerereze ya muntu (idéologie), ishobora kuba mibi cyagwa ikaba myiza. Ariko ubu iyo rivuzwe ni gake abantu bumva ko hashobora kubaho ingengabitekerezo nziza.

Intore

Hambere umuntu yavugaga intore, hakumvikana ababyina n’abahamiriza cyangwa se ababaga bararangije amasomo y’ubutore nko kwiga ibikorwa byo ku rugerero (kumasha). Kera bwo, Intore ntizari izihamiriza gusa, ahubwo zari n’Ingabo z’Umwami, Ingabo z’igihugu. Ariko ubu, iyi nyito ishobora gusobanura byinshi, nk’ahumvikana abana barangije ayisumbuye bitegura kujya muri kaminuza, abanyuze mu Itorereo ry’igihugu, ...

Urugerero

Urugerero rwari urwo ku rugamba (position/campement militaire), ariko ubu siko bikimeze.

Twibaze

Amagambo yatanzwe ni make, urutonde ni rurerure. Kimwe n’andi matsinda yose afite icyo agamije kugeraho, bahitamo amazina meza kandi afite ibisobanuro byimbitse. Amateka nayo, aracyatubikiye amagambo menshi azagira ibisobanuro byihariye mu myaka iri imbere. Ese byari bikwiye ko amazina n’amagambo meza y’Ikinyarwanda afite umwihariko wo kwiyambazwa muri politi yakomeza kuducika, cyangwa hari ukundi byagenda?

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Twitter: @intwarane